Cells, Tissues, and Microenvironments of the Immune System Flashcards
What are HSCs?
Hematopoietic stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into many types of blood cells
How does hematopoietic activity change as you become an adult?
What are the cells named during early HSC differentiation?
Differentiation toward a particular cell type is associated with reduced self-renewal capacity and increase lineage commitment.
Regulated by transcription factors
Ling-term HSC -> Short-term HSC -> multipoint progenitors (MPP)
In adults, where does hematopoiesis take place
Bone marrow
What are the two major types of progenitor cells
- common myeloid progenitor cells
- common lymphoid progenitor cells
What is the difference between leukocytes vs lymphocytes?
Leukocytes
- all white blood cells
lymphocytes
- only B and T cells
What are the four main types of cells developed from common myeloid progenitors?
- erythrocytes
- monocytes
- granulocytes
- neutrophils
- basophils/mast cells
- eosinophils
- megakaryocytes
What makes granulocytes different from each other and what part of the immune system are they a part of
- granulocytes subtypes differ in granule staining and in protein content and function
- they are all innate
What are some characteristics of neutrophils
What are some characteristics of basophils
What are the characteristics of mast cells
What are the characteristics of eosinophil
What are the characteristics of monocytes
What are the characteristics of macrophages
What are the characteristics of dendritic cells
What are the characteristics of megakaryocytes
What are the three main types of cells developed from the common lymphoid progenitor and why is one special
- B lymphocytes
- T lymphocytes
- Innate lymphoid cells (ILC)
- NK cells (these are innate)
Lymphocytes appear very similar, but different sets carry different clusters of differentiation (CD) molecules on their surface.
What are characteristics of innate lymphoid cells
What are characteristics of B cells
What type of receptors do B and T cells express?
What’s the difference
What are the different types of T-cells
What are the two ways cells die?
Where do B cells develop?
Where do T cells develop
What happens to the thalamus as we age?
What are secondary lymphoid organs and what occurs in these areas?
What is the most organized lymphoid organ and what is occuring in these regions?
Please describe the location
Where does differentiation into effector cells take place?
What are FRCCs?
What is the first line of defense against bloodborne pathogens?
How is this organ divided
What is MALT
What are tertiary lymphoid tissues?
