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Biology Paper 1 > Cells: structure of eukaryotic cells > Flashcards

Cells: structure of eukaryotic cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Role of mitochondria:

A

Where aerobic respiration occurs, producing ATP.

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2
Q

Role of cell membrane:

A
  • Controls what goes in and out of the cell
  • Has receptor molecules that allow it to respond to chemicals
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3
Q

Role of ribosomes:

A
  • Protein synthesis
  • Translates mRNA into proteins
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4
Q

Role of smooth endoplasmic reticulum:

A

Lipid synthesis

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5
Q

Role of rough endoplasmic reticulum:

A
  • Protein synthesis
  • Processes and folds proteins
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6
Q

Role of Golgi apparatus:

A
  • Processes and packages new lipids and proteins
  • Makes lysosomes
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7
Q

Role of centrioles:

A

Create spindle fibres

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8
Q

Role of lysosomes:

A

Digests non-self or worn out cells

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9
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Complex of proteins and DNA that form chromosomes.

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10
Q

Role of the nucleolus:

A
  • Makes ribosomes
  • RNA synthesis
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11
Q

What are the inner folds of mitochondria called?

A

Cristae

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12
Q

What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

RER has ribosomes attached, SER doesn’t

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13
Q

Explain how the Golgi apparatus is involved in the secretion of enzymes

A
  • Golgi apparatus produces lysosomes
  • Lysosomes are contain digestive enzymes
  • When lysosomes are secreted, enzymes are too
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14
Q

Explain how the rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the production of enzymes:

A

The RER is responsible for protein synthesis
Enzymes are a protein created by the ribosomes on the surface of the RER

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15
Q

What are plants cell walls made out of?

A

Cellulose

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16
Q

Why can chloroplasts and mitochondria be used as evidence for evolution?

A

They both have their own DNA.

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17
Q

Describe the structure of a lysosome:

A

Spherical sac containing digestive enzymes.

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18
Q

Role of nucleus:

A

Controls the cells activity

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19
Q

How does the nucleus control the cells activity?

A

Controls transcription of DNA

20
Q

Role of nuclear pores:

A

Allows molecules to pass in and out of the nucleus

21
Q

Role of nuclear envelope:

A

Separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

22
Q

In mitochondria, what is the inner part of the folded double-membrane called?

A

Cristae

23
Q

What is the cristae?

A

The inner part of the mitochondria’s folded double membrane.

24
Q

Role of cristae:

A

Increase the surface area of the mitochondrial membrane to synthesize ATP.

25
Q

What is the internal structure of a mitochondrion called?

A

Matrix

26
Q

Role of matrix:

A

Contains enzymes involved in respiration.

27
Q

Chloroplasts have a ______-membrane strucutre.

A

Double

28
Q

What are the membranes inside chloroplasts called?

A

Thylakoid membranes

29
Q

What is grana?

A

Stacked up thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast.

30
Q

Where is grana found?

A

Chloroplast

31
Q

What is the name for stacked up thylakoid membranes?

A

Grana

32
Q

Role of chloroplast:

A

Where photosynthesis takes place.

33
Q

What is stroma?

A

A thick fluid found in chloroplasts

34
Q

Where is strama found?

A

In chloroplasts

35
Q

What is the structure of the golgi apparatus?

A

A group of fluid-filled membrane-bound flattened sacs. Vesicles are often found at the edges of sacs.

36
Q

What is the structure of the golgi vesicle?

A

A small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm produced by the golgi apparatus.

37
Q

Role of golgi vesicle:

A

Stores lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell.

38
Q

Role of cell wall in plants:

A

Supports and strengthens cell - keeping it rigid

39
Q

Role of cell vacuole in plants:

A

Helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keep it rigid.

40
Q

Give 3 ways in which epithelial cells are adapted to their function:

A

1) Lots of villi = provide large SA for absorption
2) Microvilli = provide large SA for absorption
3) Lots of mitochondria = provide energy for movement of food molecules into the cell

41
Q

How are red blood cells adapted to their function?

A

No nucleus = more room for haemoglobin

42
Q

How are sperm cells adapted to their function?

A

Contain a lot of mitochondria = sufficient energy

43
Q

Specialised cells are grouped together to form ______.

A

Tissues

44
Q

Define tissue:

A

A group of cells working together to perform a particular function.

45
Q

Different tissues work together to form ______.

A

Organs

46
Q

Different organs make an ________.

A

Organ system

Biology Paper 1 (32 decks)

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