Cells - Respiration Flashcards
What happens to the energy released from the respiration of glucose?
The energy released from the respiration of glucose is used to regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphate.
How can the chemical energy stored in ATP be released?
The chemical energy stored in ATP can be released by breaking it down to ADP and phosphate.
What can energy be used for?
Energy can be used for cellular activities including muscle cell contraction, cell division, protein synthesis and transmission of nerve impulses.
How is glucose broken down in respiration, and where is the product produced?
In respiration, glucose is broken down to produce pyruvate in the cytoplasm of cells.
What happens to the pyruvate when oxygen is not available?
When oxygen is not available, pyruvate enters reaction pathways known as fermentation.
What is pyruvate converted into when no oxygen is available?
If no oxygen is available, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid in animal cells and to ethanol in carbon dioxide in plant cells and in yeast cells.
What does breakdown of each glucose molecule via the fermentation pathway yield?
Breakdown of each glucose molecule via the fermentation pathway yields two molecules of ATP.
Where does fermentation occur?
Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm.
If oxygen is available what process occurs and what then happens to pyruvate?
If oxygen is available, aerobic respiration occurs and pyruvate is further broken down into carbon dioxide and water within the mitochondria of cells.
What does the breakdown of each glucose molecule via pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen yield?
The breakdown of each glucose molecule via pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen yields 38 molecules of ATP.
What is aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration is a series of reactions that release energy from glucose using oxygen. The glucose comes from digested food and oxygen comes from inhaled air.
What is the equation of aerobic respiration?
glucose+oxygen – carbon dioxide+water+energy
What happens to the chemical energy stored in glucose?
The chemical energy stored in glucose is released by most cells through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions called respiration.
