Cells - DNA And The Production Of Proteins Flashcards
What are chromosomes made up of?
Chromosomes are made up of regions called genes.
What is DNA?
DNA is a complex substance that forms the genes of all living organisms.
What does DNA carry?
DNA carries the genetic information, which is information for making proteins
What us the name of a single DNA molecule?
A single DNA molecule is called a double-stranded helix.
What are each strand of DNA in a chain carrying molecules called?
Bases
What are the four different types of base known as?
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
How are the strands of the DNA helix held together?
The strands of the DNA helix are held together by bonds between bases on each strand.
What do the bases bond together to firm?
Complementary base pairs.
Which pair pairs with which?
Adenine with Thymine
Guanine with Cytosine
What does the sequence of A,T,G,C make up?
The genetic code
What does the base sequence of a specific gene determine?
The base sequence of a specific gene determines the amino acid sequence in the specific protein to be assembled.
Where are proteins assembled in the cell?
Proteins are assembled at ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm
What is Messenger RNA (mRNA)?
mRNA is a molecule that carries a complementary copy of the code from the DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome.
What does the nucleus of living cells contain?
The nucleus of living cells contains genetic material organised into chromosomes.
