Cells - Proteins And Enzymes Flashcards
What affects the function of protein molecules?
The shape of protein molecules affects their function
What are the functions of proteins?
Structural Enzymes Hormones Antibodies Receptors
What do structural proteins make up?
Structural proteins make up cell structures such as membranes
What do enzymes function as?
Enzymes function as biological catalysts and are made by all living cells.
What do hormones act as?
Hormones act as chemical messengers between cells and travel in body fluids such as blood
What are antibodies?
Antibodies are protein molecules that are involved in body defences
Where are receptors found and what do they do?
Receptors are found in cell membranes and they recognise specific substances
What do enzymes speed up and what happens in the process?
Enzymes speed up cellular reactions and are unchanged in the process.
What is the name of the substance upon which an enzyme acts?
Substrate
What do enzyme molecules have in order to bind to substrate molecules?
Enzymes have active sites in order to bind to substrate molecules
State why enzymes are specific
Enzymes are specific because the shape of the active site of each enzyme molecule is complementary to the shape of its substrate.
What conditions does an enzyme work best in?
Each enzyme works best in its optimum conditions.
What are enzymes and other proteins affected by?
Enzymes and other proteins are affected by temperature and pH
What can happen in extremes of temperature and pH to enzymes?
Extremes in temperature in pH can result in changes to the molecular shapes of enzymes known as denaturation
What will a change in the molecular shape of an enzyme do?
A change in the molecular shape of an enzyme will affect its rate of reaction.
