Cells - Producing New Cells Flashcards
What is the ‘chromosome complement’ of a cell?
The chromosome complement of a cell is the number and type of chromosomes it contains.
What is the chromosome complement of most cells and what does that mean?
Diploid, which means which means that their nuclei have two matching sets of chromosomes.
What does the nucleus do, and including what?
The nucleus controls cell activities, including mitosis.
What is ‘Replication’?
Replication is the process by which DNA copies itself.
What happens during mitosis to each chromosome?
During mitosis, each chromosome is duplicated.
What is a replicated chromosome called?
A replicated chromosome is called a chromatid.
What happens during mitosis?
During mitosis, the nucleus of a diploid parent cell divides to produce two diploid nuclei.
What are daughter dells genetically identical to?
Daughter cells are genetically identical to their parent cells.
How does the sequence of events in mitosis start?
- chromosomes replicate and become visible as pairs of chromatids
- the chromosomes line up at the equator
- their chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibres to form two new nuclei
What happens to the cell cytoplasm after mitosis?
After mitosis, the cell cytoplasm splits between the new nuclei to form two daughter cells.
Hoe can cells be induced to undergo mitosis and cell division artificially?
Cell culture
What TECHNIQUE does cell culture require?
Cell structure requires aseptic techniques, in which growth other cells such as bacteria is prevented and the culture remains uncontaminated.
What APPROPRIATE thing does cell culture require?
Cell culture requires an appropriate liquid or solid medium such as nutrient agars or broths in which cells can grow and divide.
What factors are controlled in cell culture?
Temperature
pH
Oxygen levels
What does the nucleus of a cell contain?
The nucleus of a cell contains genetic information (DNA) organised into chromosomes.
