Cells & Mitosis Flashcards
Plasma Membrane
Keeps the cell separated from the environment
Phospholipid bilayer
Two layers of phospholipid molecules arranged so that the hydrophilic heads are on the outside & the hydrophobic, fatty acids are on the inside
Selective Permeability
Bouncer of what organelles get in or out
Protein Molecules
Made from a long chain of amino acids
Nucleus
Control center for the cell
Nuclear envelope
Is the nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
Where ribosomes are made
Chromatin/Chromosomes
is the single strand of genetic make up/is the doubled strand of DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid; a structure of genetic material
Cytoplasm
Everything within the cell that’s not nucleus
Organelles
Complex structures that work together to carry out necessary metabolic functions
Cytosol
The liquid or goo of the cytoplasm
Cell surface projections
Cilia, microvili and flagella
Cilia
Move things across the cell surface
Microvili
Increase the cell surface area
Flagella
Propel the cell
Mitosis
Replicates the DNA; separates the DNA into 2 identical cells
4 phases of mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
Interphase
Period between cell division; cell growth
Chromatin
Loose thread like DNA
Prophase
Threads thicken; condense into chromosomes
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the exact center of the spindle
Anaphase
Centromere split; cytoplasm begins to constrict
Telophase
Chromosomes turn back into chromatin;nuclear envelope appears; cytokinesis (separates the cytoplasm)
