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biology > cells/living processes > Flashcards

cells/living processes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the function of the red blood cell

A

to transport oxygen through the bloood

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2
Q

what is the function of the root hair cell

A

to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil

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3
Q

what is the function of the guard cell

A

to open and close the stomata
To optimize leaf gas exchange and to control water loss

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4
Q

what is the function of the smooth muscle cell

A

To contract for movement

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5
Q

what is the function of a nerve cell

A

to allow nervous impulses through the body

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6
Q

what is the role of the cilia cell

A

Trap dust and bacteria in mucus and sweep it through

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7
Q

what is the function of a xylem cell

A

to carry water and mineral ions through the roots up the stem and into the leaves

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8
Q

what is the function of a palisade cell

A

to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

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9
Q

give two ways in which a xylem cell is adapted to its function

A

the ends walls are removed so that they have a continuous hollow tube.
Is lined by lignin which gives it strength and support so that whilst transported water, does not collse

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10
Q

how is a root hair cell adapted for its function (2reasons)

A

It has a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption

It contains lots of mitochondria which releases a lot of energy which helps with active transport

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11
Q

How is a palisade cell adapted for its function?(2 reasons)

A

It has a large surface area to maximize absorption
It contains chloroplasts which absorb sunlight well

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12
Q

how is the sperm cell adapted for its function? (2 reasons)

A

It has a flagellum so that it can move and swim to the egg

it’s nucleus is in the head so that it can bind with the egg cell

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13
Q

What are the six levels of organization?

A

organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system

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14
Q

What is a tissue

A

Groups of the same type of cell grouped together to form a specific function

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15
Q

What is the meaning of Movement in MRSHGREN

A

being able to change position and place

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16
Q

what is the meaning of homeostasis in MRSHGREN

A

being able to control internal conditions

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17
Q

What is the role of the cell wall

A

Provides the cell with strength and support and gives it shape

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18
Q

What is a plant cell wall made of

A

a carbohydrate called cellulose

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19
Q

what is the role of the mitcochondira

A

to carry out aerobic respiration and release energy

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20
Q

what is the role of the ribosomes

A

to carry out protein synthesis

21
Q

What does the cytoplasm contain and what is its role

A

the cytoplasm contains solutes which aid with chemical reactions

22
Q

what is the role of the cell
membrane

A

selectively permeable to control what can enter and exit the cell

23
Q

How is the cell membrane adapted to allow substances to enter and exit

A

it is very thin and partially permeable so only larger substances can fit

24
Q

What is the storage carbohydrate of plants and the storage carbohydrate of animals

A

storage carbohydrate of plants is starch

storage carbohydrate of animals is glycogen

25
Q

Which organelles do both plant and animal cells have

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, storage carbohydrate,

26
Q

What is a non membrane bound organelle and give an example

A

An organelle that doesn’t need a membrane to control its internal conditions eg.. ribosomes

27
Q

What is the role of the nucleus

A

Contains genetic material to control the cellular activities of the cell and carries instructions for making proteins

28
Q

Why are the nucleus and mitochondria so important in eukaryotic organisms

A

The nucleus controls the cell functions and provide it with instructions to make proteins

The mitochondria provides the cell with energy to carry out the instructions

29
Q

What is a structural role of the vacuole

A

Contains cell sap to keep the plant turgid and so to provide support

30
Q

Why is turgidity important in plant cells

A

Because it controls the water lost from a plant (because in a turgid cell when water has moved in through osmosis, the cell membrane will begin to push against the cell wall creating pressure, and so no more water will be able to enter or exit)
And provides support to the cell to allow plant to remain upright

31
Q

What is another word for chromosomal dna

A

Nucleiod

32
Q

What is the meaning of excretion

A

The ability to remove waste products

33
Q

Suggest two reasons how a baby starfish may differ from an adult one

A

They may not be fully developed or may be smaller

34
Q

What 2 things is a nucleus made up of

A

A nucleus is an organelle surrounded by its own membrane

A nucleus contains genetic material

35
Q

What is the function of the vacuole (2)

A

The vacuole contains cell sap and helps to keep the cell turgid and support the cell

The vacuole also acts as a store, storing solutes and sugar

36
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts

A

They are the SITE for photosynthesis.

37
Q

Why do animal cells lack a cell wall?

A

Cell walls reduce flexibility so with a cell wall it would be difficult for animals to move

38
Q

How can animals sense things

A

Because of nervous coordination

39
Q

Describe the process from MRSGREN called “sensitivity”

A

Can respond to changes in its environment and can react to stimuli

40
Q

How is the red blood cell adapted for its function

A

Contains haemoglobin, a red protein that will bind with oxygen
Contains no nucleus so that it can contain more haemoglobin
Has a bioconcave disk shape which increases the surface area

41
Q

Is the cell wall freely permeable or partially permeable

A

The cell wall is freely permeable

42
Q

Explain why a membrane may be folded

A

To increase surface area for greater absorption

43
Q

Do invertebrates have a back bone or not have a backbone

A

Invertebrates do not have a backbone

44
Q

Why can an artery be considered an organ but a capillary cannot

A

Because the artery is made up of similar tissues

The capillary is only made up of one type of cell

45
Q

Name 4 organ systems

A

Circulatory system, digestive system, nervous system, respiratory

46
Q

What two organic compounds can plants make as a result of photosynthesis

A

storage carbohydrate Starch

and the sugar sucrose

(Both made from excess glucose)

47
Q

What are two examples of how animals control their internal conditions

A

Maintaining temperature

Maintaining blood pressure

48
Q

The length of a flagellum on a diagram is 68 mm.
The magnification is 8000
Calculate the real size in micrometers

A

I= M*A

So 68/8000
=0.0085
0.0085 x 1000
=8.5 micrometers

49
Q

In an onion cell experiment, what part does the iodine stain

A

The starch

biology (16 decks)

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