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kingdoms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (3)

A

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or whereas eukaryotic cells do.
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid but eukaryotic organism do not
Prokaryotic cells do not contain other membrane bound organelles but eukaryotes do

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2
Q

What is a plasmid in a bacteria cell

A

A plasmid is circular dna

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3
Q

Name the parts of a bacteria cell(8)

A

Plasmids, Chromosomal DnA, Capsule, cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane, flagellum, ribosomes,

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4
Q

What is the cell wall of bacteria, plants and fungi made from

A

Peptidoglycogen. And cellulose. And chitin

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5
Q

What is an animal like protoctist called

A

Protozea

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6
Q

What is a plant like protoctist called

A

Algae

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7
Q

What do animals and fungi carry carbohydrates as

A

Glycogen

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8
Q

What is spherical bacteria called

A

Cocci

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9
Q

What is chained rod like bacteria called

A

Bacilli

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10
Q

What is a spiral shaped bacteria called

A

Sprillia

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11
Q

What is curved shaped bacteria called

A

Vibrios

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12
Q

What are 3 things that chromosomal dna allows in a bacteria cell

A

Respiration, replication, making proteins
(So like Respiration, reproduction, growth)

(Bc does not have ribosomes or mitochondria to do respiration or make proteins)

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13
Q

What is binary fission and how does it work

A

Process by which bacteria replicates it’s organelles by repeatedly splitting in half.

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14
Q

What are two examples of bacteria

A

Lactobaccilus bulgaris and pneumococcus

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15
Q

What are two ways in that bacteria can feed

A

By performing photosynthesis or by feeding off of other dead organic material (form of heterotrophic nutrition)

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16
Q

What is a capsule in bacteria

A

A slime layer

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17
Q

What is the definition of heterotrophic

A

Obtaining nutrition off of other organisms as a result of not being able to make food themselves

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18
Q

How is a virus a parasite

A

Because it lives in another organism and benefits by deriving it’s nutrients from it, and host cell on the other hand does not benefit from it

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19
Q

What are three structural characteristics of a virus cell

A

Protein coat, Dna or RNA, lipid envelope(membrane from host cell)

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20
Q

Why is a virus not a living organism

A

Because it does not carry out any of the seven characteristic of living organisms and can only reproduce by infecting a host cell

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21
Q

What are two examples of viruses

A

Tobacco mosaic virus and HIV

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22
Q

What does the tobacco mosaic virus do

A

It interferes with the ability to make chloroplasts, causing patches on the leaf

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23
Q

Give two examples of fungi

A

Mucor(pin mould) and yeast

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24
Q

Give two examples of protoctist

A

Chlorella and amoeba

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25
Q

What is mycellium

A

Network of hyphae

26
Q

What is hyphae

A

Thread like filaments of a fungi

27
Q

What is saprotrophic nutrition

A

A form of extra cellular digestion when an organism secretes enzymes onto dead organic material to gain nutrition

28
Q

How do animals move

A

Through nervous coordination

29
Q

Describe how fungi feed

A

A spore lands on the food, where a hypha is grown from it.
The hypha begins to grow until the mycelium covers the surface of the food.
The hyphae secrete digestive enzymes to break down the food into soluble substances such as sugars, which is called extra cellular digestion
This is then absorbed by the mould
This process is called saprotrophic nutrition

30
Q

What part of the mushroom fungi is the actual mushroom and what is its function

A

It’s a fruiting body that grows on top and is the reproductive structure

31
Q

What is the proper name for bread mould

A

Mucor

32
Q

What do the dark spots represent on a piece of bread

A

Structures for reproduction

33
Q

Why are the hyphae not divided up into separate cells

A

Because they have many nuclei in their cytoplasm

34
Q

Are mushrooms toadstools and mould multicellular or unicellular

A

Multi cellular

35
Q

Are protoctists unicellular or multicellular

A

Most protictists are unicellular but some can be multicellular

36
Q

Explain how viruses reproduce

A

They infect a host cell and control its genetic material.
They begin replicating their dna + protein coats
until they have destroyed the host cell
The particles are released to infect more cells

37
Q

What are two benefits of enclosed dna

A

More efficient functioning as other organelles will not be able to interfere.
Maximum extraction of energy

38
Q

What kingdom does moss belong to

A

Plant

39
Q

What is a control variable

A

A variable that is kept constant

40
Q

What is a hyphae

A

A branching filament that makes up a network of mycelium in fungi

41
Q

Do prokaryotes have ribosomes

A

Yes. Prokaryotes do have ribosomes

42
Q

Do prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles (organelles such as chloroplasts)

A

No

43
Q

Which two kingdoms are microscopic, and which three are visible or atleast mostly visible

A

Bacteria, protoctists, are microscopic
Animals, plants and fungi are visible

44
Q

How many micrometers are in a cm

A

One cm= one thousand micrometers(1000)

45
Q

What are the two ways in which bacteria can feed

A

Through photosynthesis and by being heterotrophic(decomposers)

46
Q

Is a virus made of a cell

A

No it is made of a particle

47
Q

What is a pathogen

A

A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause disease

48
Q

Draw the cells of the 5 kingdoms plus virus

A

Bacteria: cytoplasm,plasmids, nucleoid, cell membrane, cell wall made of peptidoglycogen, capsule, flagellum
Fungi: nucleus, cell wall made of chitin,vacuole, ribosomes,
Protoctists: vacuole, cytoplasm, flagellum, cell wall plasmids

In your notebook(refer to ur book for answers)
(Remember virus is not a living organism)

49
Q

Describe the features of a fungal cell

A

Nucleus, cell wall(chitin),cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole,
ribosomes, mitichondria

49
Q

What are the parts of a virus cell

A

RNA, protein coat, lipid envelope

50
Q

What is the flagella

A

The flagella is a long strand of protein that helps the bacteria move around

51
Q

What is the function of the slime capsule in bacteria

A

The slime capsule is the protective layer

52
Q

Are fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic

A

Heterotrophic
As they need to feed on other organisms for nutrition

53
Q

What disease is caused by plasmodium and what kingdom does it belong to

A

Malaria

Belongs to the protoctists

54
Q

What is the shape of lactobaccilus bulgaris

A

Rod shaped(bacilli)

55
Q

What is AIDS and what virus is it caused by

A

AIDS is caused by the HIV virus and is when the persons immune system is damaged.

56
Q

Describe 3 structural characteristics of bacteria (that it always has)

A

Doesn’t have a nucleus, contains circular chomosomal dna(nucleoid), has a cell membrane

57
Q

Bacteria and fungi break down organic material in the soil so they are called…

A

Decomposers/Saprotrophs

58
Q

Do bacteria have a cell wall

A

Yes

59
Q

Are all viruses pathogens

A

Yes

60
Q

What is the storage carbohydrate inside a fungal cell

A

Glycogen

61
Q

Do bacteria have a cell membrane and cell wall

A

Yes.
(And cell wall is made of peptidoglycogen)

biology (16 decks)

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