kingdoms Flashcards
what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (3)
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or whereas eukaryotic cells do.
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid but eukaryotic organism do not
Prokaryotic cells do not contain other membrane bound organelles but eukaryotes do
What is a plasmid in a bacteria cell
A plasmid is circular dna
Name the parts of a bacteria cell(8)
Plasmids, Chromosomal DnA, Capsule, cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane, flagellum, ribosomes,
What is the cell wall of bacteria, plants and fungi made from
Peptidoglycogen. And cellulose. And chitin
What is an animal like protoctist called
Protozea
What is a plant like protoctist called
Algae
What do animals and fungi carry carbohydrates as
Glycogen
What is spherical bacteria called
Cocci
What is chained rod like bacteria called
Bacilli
What is a spiral shaped bacteria called
Sprillia
What is curved shaped bacteria called
Vibrios
What are 3 things that chromosomal dna allows in a bacteria cell
Respiration, replication, making proteins
(So like Respiration, reproduction, growth)
(Bc does not have ribosomes or mitochondria to do respiration or make proteins)
What is binary fission and how does it work
Process by which bacteria replicates it’s organelles by repeatedly splitting in half.
What are two examples of bacteria
Lactobaccilus bulgaris and pneumococcus
What are two ways in that bacteria can feed
By performing photosynthesis or by feeding off of other dead organic material (form of heterotrophic nutrition)
What is a capsule in bacteria
A slime layer
What is the definition of heterotrophic
Obtaining nutrition off of other organisms as a result of not being able to make food themselves
How is a virus a parasite
Because it lives in another organism and benefits by deriving it’s nutrients from it, and host cell on the other hand does not benefit from it
What are three structural characteristics of a virus cell
Protein coat, Dna or RNA, lipid envelope(membrane from host cell)
Why is a virus not a living organism
Because it does not carry out any of the seven characteristic of living organisms and can only reproduce by infecting a host cell
What are two examples of viruses
Tobacco mosaic virus and HIV
What does the tobacco mosaic virus do
It interferes with the ability to make chloroplasts, causing patches on the leaf
Give two examples of fungi
Mucor(pin mould) and yeast
Give two examples of protoctist
Chlorella and amoeba
What is mycellium
Network of hyphae
What is hyphae
Thread like filaments of a fungi
What is saprotrophic nutrition
A form of extra cellular digestion when an organism secretes enzymes onto dead organic material to gain nutrition
How do animals move
Through nervous coordination
Describe how fungi feed
A spore lands on the food, where a hypha is grown from it.
The hypha begins to grow until the mycelium covers the surface of the food.
The hyphae secrete digestive enzymes to break down the food into soluble substances such as sugars, which is called extra cellular digestion
This is then absorbed by the mould
This process is called saprotrophic nutrition
What part of the mushroom fungi is the actual mushroom and what is its function
It’s a fruiting body that grows on top and is the reproductive structure
What is the proper name for bread mould
Mucor
What do the dark spots represent on a piece of bread
Structures for reproduction
Why are the hyphae not divided up into separate cells
Because they have many nuclei in their cytoplasm
Are mushrooms toadstools and mould multicellular or unicellular
Multi cellular
Are protoctists unicellular or multicellular
Most protictists are unicellular but some can be multicellular
Explain how viruses reproduce
They infect a host cell and control its genetic material.
They begin replicating their dna + protein coats
until they have destroyed the host cell
The particles are released to infect more cells
What are two benefits of enclosed dna
More efficient functioning as other organelles will not be able to interfere.
Maximum extraction of energy
What kingdom does moss belong to
Plant
What is a control variable
A variable that is kept constant
What is a hyphae
A branching filament that makes up a network of mycelium in fungi
Do prokaryotes have ribosomes
Yes. Prokaryotes do have ribosomes
Do prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles (organelles such as chloroplasts)
No
Which two kingdoms are microscopic, and which three are visible or atleast mostly visible
Bacteria, protoctists, are microscopic
Animals, plants and fungi are visible
How many micrometers are in a cm
One cm= one thousand micrometers(1000)
What are the two ways in which bacteria can feed
Through photosynthesis and by being heterotrophic(decomposers)
Is a virus made of a cell
No it is made of a particle
What is a pathogen
A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause disease
Draw the cells of the 5 kingdoms plus virus
Bacteria: cytoplasm,plasmids, nucleoid, cell membrane, cell wall made of peptidoglycogen, capsule, flagellum
Fungi: nucleus, cell wall made of chitin,vacuole, ribosomes,
Protoctists: vacuole, cytoplasm, flagellum, cell wall plasmids
In your notebook(refer to ur book for answers)
(Remember virus is not a living organism)
Describe the features of a fungal cell
Nucleus, cell wall(chitin),cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole,
ribosomes, mitichondria
What are the parts of a virus cell
RNA, protein coat, lipid envelope
What is the flagella
The flagella is a long strand of protein that helps the bacteria move around
What is the function of the slime capsule in bacteria
The slime capsule is the protective layer
Are fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic
Heterotrophic
As they need to feed on other organisms for nutrition
What disease is caused by plasmodium and what kingdom does it belong to
Malaria
Belongs to the protoctists
What is the shape of lactobaccilus bulgaris
Rod shaped(bacilli)
What is AIDS and what virus is it caused by
AIDS is caused by the HIV virus and is when the persons immune system is damaged.
Describe 3 structural characteristics of bacteria (that it always has)
Doesn’t have a nucleus, contains circular chomosomal dna(nucleoid), has a cell membrane
Bacteria and fungi break down organic material in the soil so they are called…
Decomposers/Saprotrophs
Do bacteria have a cell wall
Yes
Are all viruses pathogens
Yes
What is the storage carbohydrate inside a fungal cell
Glycogen
Do bacteria have a cell membrane and cell wall
Yes.
(And cell wall is made of peptidoglycogen)
