Cells and Their Functions Flashcards
What is Cytology?
The study of cells and their funtions
What is the most basic form of life?
The cell
What are the 6 characteristics that are required for something to be considered to have life?
Organization, Metabolism, Responsiveness, Homeostasis, Growth, Reproduction
What are the 3 types of microscopes?
Compound light, Transmission electron, Scanning electron
Which microscope is most commonly used in the lab?
Compound light
Acts to enclose all of the cell organelles
Plasma membrane
The main substance/composition of the cellular membrane
bilayer of phospholipids
Composition of phospholipids
2 fatty acids and a glycerol attached to a phosphate group
Microvilli
Short extensions of the plasma membrane that absorb materials into the cell
Nucleus
Composed of, DNA and proteins which contains chromosomes
Nucleous
Located inside the nucleus composed of DNA, RNA and proteins which function to produce ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Colloidal suspension that contains all of the organelles
Cytosol
Fluid part of the cytoplasm
ER
Sorts proteins and turns them into more complex compounds as well as involved in lipid synthesis
Mitochondria
The site of cellular respiration
Golgi apparatus
packages and prepares compounds to be transported within and outside of the cell
Lysomes
Digestive enzymes
Perioxisomes
Breakdown toxins
Vesicles
Small membrane sacs in cytoplasm-facilitate material storage and move materials in/out of cell in bulk
Centrioles
Rod shaped organelles that aid in cellular division
Cilia
Hairlike projections that move fluids intercellularly
Molecule located between the bilayer of phospholipids and purpose
Cholesterol which strengthens the membrane
Purpose of carbohydrates in glycoproteins and glycolips
To help cells recognize each other and stick together
Channels
Pores in membrane that allow passage of certain substances
Transporters
Shuttle substances across membrane (eg. glucose)
Receptors
Site of attachment for substances to membrane (eg. hormones)
Enzymes
Participate in reactions at the membrane surface
Linkers
Give shape to the membrane and attach cells to eachother
Cell Identity Markers
Proteins unique to person’s cell- important for transplants
