Blood Flashcards
Why is blood considered connective tissue?
Consists of cells suspended in extracellular background material (matrix)`
How much weight does blood volume approximately account for?
8%
What are the 3 Major functions of blood
- Transportation
- Regulation
- Protection
What are the 4 things that blood transports?
- Nutrients
- Waste
- Gases
- Hormones
What are the 3 things that blood helps to help regulate?
- pH
- Fluid Balance
- Heat
What are the 2 things blood helps to protect against?
- Disease
2. Fluid loss
What is the normal range of blood pH?
7.35 - 7.45 (basic)
Blood maintains fluid balances by means of maintaining…
osmotic pressure (concentration of dissolved and suspended particles in solution)
What are the 2 main components of blood?
- Plasma
2. Formed elements
Which percentage of total blood volume is plasma?
55%
What are the 4 other components of plasma called?
Plasma proteins
Names of functions of the 4 blood plasma proteins:
- Albumin (made in liver, needed for osmotic pressure)
- Clotting factors (made in liver, blood coagulation)
- Antibodies (Made my WBCs, combat infection)
- Complement (enzyme group, helps antibodies fight pathogens)
Percentage breakdown of plasma
91% water
8% plasma proteins
1% nutrients, electrolytes
What is the principal carbohydrate found in plasma?
glucose
Sources of glucose:
Digested from food, produced by liver as glycogen
How is it possible for lipids to be transported in the plasma?
Binding of lipids to proteins to form lipoproteins
What are the 7 electrolytes found in plasma?
- Calcium
- Carbonate
- Chloride
- Magnesium
- Phosphate
- Potassium
- Sodium
What are the 3 categories of the Formed elements
- Erythrocytes
- Leukocytes
- Thrombocytes (platelets)
Number of Erythrocytes per mcL of blood
5 million
Number of Leukocytes per mcL of blood
5000- 10,000
Number of Thrombocytes per mcL of blood
150,000- 450,000
What are stem cells also called?
Hematopoietic cells
2 lesser functions of hemoglobin
- Binds to hydrogen to act as a buffer in ph balance
2. Binds to CO2 to carry from tissue to lungs
Average time erythrocytes spend in circulation before splenic and hepatic destruction
120 days
What is erythropoietin?
Hormone generated by kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production in function of low oxygen levels
3 types of granular leukocytes
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
Percentage of Neutrophils of all leukocytes
60%
Another name for neutrophils and why
Polymorphs because of varying nucleus shapes
Allergic reaction causes the increase of which granulocytes?
Eosinophils, basophils
Infection causes the increase of which granulocytes?
Neutrophils
What are the 2 agranulocytes?
- Lymphocytes
2. Monocytes
What is the second most abundant leukocyte?
Lymphocytes
Where do lymphocytes originate and mature?
Originate in bone marrow, mature in lymphoid tissue
Where is lymphoid tissue found?
Spleen, thymus gland, bone marrow, lymph nodes
The 2 leukocytes that engage in phagocytosis
- Neutrophils
2. Monocytes
Place of origin of thrombocytes
Bone marrow cells: Megakaryocytes
Life span of platelets (thrombocytes)
10 days
What is Hemostasis?
Process that prevents blood loss when a blood vessel ruptures
3 step process of hemostasis
- Muscle contraction (reduces blood flow)
- Platelet plug
- Coagulation
Clotting involves what number of clotting factors?
12
Clotting factors are produced by which organ?
Liver
Which vitamin is essential for the liver to produce clotting factors
Vitamin K
The final process of clot formation involves conversion of what to what?
Plasma protein Fibrinogen to threads of fibrin
Arrange and describe the process involving thrombin, calcium, prothrombinase, fibrin, and fibrinogen
Prothrombinase needs calcium to convert prothrombin into thrombin. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin strands
