Cells A1 Flashcards
What’s the difference between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?
(give examples of both)
- eukaryotes have a nucleus (plants, algae, animal, protozoan, fungi)
- prokaryotes do not have a nucleus (bacteria, blue-green algae, archaea)
What is the function of the ribosomes?
protein synthesis (70s and 80s)
What is the function of nucleus?
- contains DNA
- controls cell activity
What is the function of the mitochondria?
- site of respiration (folder to form cristae)
- ATP production (matrix is its cytoplasm)
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
site of lipid synthesis
What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- encrusted in ribosomes
- site of protein synthesis
What is the function of Golgi apparatus?
- modifies/packages/sorts proteins
- modifies/processes triglycerides
- combines triglycerides with proteins
- packages for release/forms vesicles
What is the function of the cell surface membrane?
- made of phospholipid bilayer
- controls what enters the cell/is selectively permeable
- can be folded to increase surface area
What is the function of lysosomes?
- contains digestive enzymes
- digests worn out organelles (autolysis) (phagocytes contain them)
Function of chloroplasts?
- contain thylakoids, staked into granum
- site of photosynthesis
- traps light energy and converts it to chemical energy
Function of capsule?
- protects from immune system
- aids bacteria sticking together
Function of plasmid?
- circular DNA
- contains antibiotic resistant genes
Function of cell wall?
- provides structure
- stops osmotic lysis
Function of flagellum?
allows movement / propulsion
Describe the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have:
1. DNA is linear and associated with proteins
2. contains membrane bound organelles eg.(mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, RER, SER, lysosomes)
3. Has nucleus / DNA contained within nuclear membrane
4. contains larger / 80s ribosomes
5. do not have capsule or flagella