cells Flashcards
what is adenosine triosphate (ATP)
it is the energy for a cell which is in the mitochondria
what are the three types of muscle tissues and what do they do
- skeletal muscle - involved in voluntary movement
- cardiac muscle - involved in the pumping of the heart
- Smooth muscle - involved in involuntary organ movement
what are the 4 major tissue types?
- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
what does a ‘transporters’ do
Allows movement of ions and larger molecules across the membrane
what do ‘Receptors’ do
Allow communication between cells, and between the environment and the cell
what do ‘Enzymes’ do
Activation of cascades within cells to assist in their function
What are the two different types of cellular transport?
passive transport and
Active transport
Passive transport
Requires no energy, relies on a concentration gradient/membrane permeability e.g. water or oxygen
Active transport
Requires Energy to move molecules, often against the concentration gradient e.g. sodium potassium pump
Anatomical terms and examples: proximal? Distal? Superior? Inferior? posterior/dorsal? Anterior/ventral? Medial? Lateral?
proximal = towards the trunk distal = away from the trunk Superior = towards the head inferior = away from the head Posterior/ dorsal = towards the back Anterior/ventral = towards the front medial = towards the midline Lateral = away from the midline
what is the structure and function of Lysosomes
structure - membranous sacs containing acid hydrolases function - Site of intracellular digestion
what is the structure and function of Microtubules
structure - Cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins function - Support cell give it shape. involved in intracellular and cellular movement
what is the structure and function of Intermediate filaments
structure - protein fibres function - the stable cytoskeleton elements. resist mechanical forces acting on the cell
what is the cytoplasm
everything inside the cell except the nucleus and the organelles, helps with the movement of substances within the cell by a process called cytoplasmic streaming
what is the structure and function of nucleus
structure - Largest organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope, Contains fluid nucleoplasm, nucleoli, chromatin function - Control centre. provides the instructions for protein synthesis
