Anatomy of muscles I Flashcards
whats the difference between origin and insertion?
Origin - is the bone that does not move when muscle shortens ( normally proximal)
insertion- is the moveable bone (some 2 joint muscles )
What is a ligament and what is a tendon?
ligament - short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones and holds joints together
tendon - flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
what do the three body planes divide into?
Sagittal plane
Divides body in left and right proportions
Horizontal/Transverse/Cross sectional plane
Divides body in superior (‘upper’) and inferior (‘lower’) proportions
Frontal/Coronal plane
Divides body in anterior (‘front’) and posterior (‘back’) proportions
Flexors
Movement in sagittal plane, decrease joint angle
Extensors
Movement in sagittal plane, increase joint angle
Abductors
Movement in frontal plane away form midline of body
Adductors
Movement in frontal plane towards midline of body
Flexors
Movement in sagittal plane, decrease joint angle
Extensors
Movement in sagittal plane, increase joint angle
Abductors
Movement in frontal plane away form midline of body
Adductors
Movement in frontal plane towards midline of body
what is the iliopsoas muscles? whats it do?
prime mover of hip flexion, keeps the upper body from falling backwards.
what are three muscles is the iliopsoas formed by? and its insertion/origin
Psoas major: origin at lumbar vertebrae & insertion to Lesser trochanter of femur
psoas minor
Iliacus: origin at Iliac fossa and crest & insertion to lesser trochanter of femur
The quadriceps femoris is a group of 4 muscles, what are they called? and what is the main action for the quadriceps femoris?
PHOTO MAYBE
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius
- Vastus medialis
quadriceps femoris main action is to extend the knee, rectus femoris helps to flex the hip aswell
HIP FLEXOR - The quadriceps femoris is a group of 4 muscles, what are they called? and what is the main action for the quadriceps femoris?
PHOTO MAYBE
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius
- Vastus medialis
quadriceps femoris main action is to extend the knee, rectus femoris helps to flex the hip aswell
HIP FLEXOR -
Sartorius PHOTO
• Acts on the hip and knee joints
o Enables squatting position: hip flexion, rotation, and abduction.
• Longest muscle in our body
Origin – anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and extends medially
Insertion: medial surface of the tibia (tibial tuberosity)
what are the three hip flexors of the hip?
- iliopsoas
- Quadriceps - rectus femoris
- sartorius
where is the insertion and origin for Rectus femoris?
• Tendon forms part of the quadriceps tendon (attaches to patella then continues as the patella ligament)
Origin - Anterior inferior iliac spine of pelvis
Insertion – Patella via the quadriceps tendon
What are the extensors of the hip?
- Gluteus Maximus
- Hamstrings
• Bicep femoris
• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus
what is the origin and insertion of the Gluteus maximus
Origin: sacrum and gluteal sirface of ilium
Insertion: ¼ inserts into the gluteal tuberosity of the femur and ¾ inserts into the iliotibial tract/band (ITB)
PHOTO LEC 8
EXTENSOR - Hamstrings
•Covers two joints (hip and knee)
•The hamstring consists of 3 muscles which are?
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinous- starts as muscle, then becomes tendon
- Semimembranosus- starts as a long flat tendon, then becomes muscle
SemiMembranosus is more Medial!
what are the origin and insertions of the bicep femoris muscles
Origin – Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: lateral/proximal aspects of tibia & fibula
PHOTO LEC 8
