Articulations and movement Flashcards
what is the anatomical position
The anatomical position is:
- Standing upright
- Facing the observer, head level
- Eyes facing forward
- Feet flat on the floor
- Arms at the sides
- Palms turned forward (ventral)
what are the main anatomical terms?
Superior - towards the head (top) Inferior - Away from the head (bottom) Proximal - towards the trunk Distal - Away from the trunk posterior/dorsal - towards the back Anterior ventral - towards the front medial - towards the midline lateral - away from the midline superficial - towards the surface Deep - away from the surface
examples of anatomical terms… superior, inferior, proximal, distal, posterior, anterior, medial, lateral, superficial, deep
Examples
Deep – your muscles are deep to the skin
Superficial – The skin is superficial to muscles
Superior – your heart is superior to your stomach
Inferior – the stomach is inferior to your heart
Proximal – the shoulder is proximal to the elbow
Distal – The elbow is distal to the shoulder
Posterior/dorsal – the lumbar vertebrae is posterior to the belly button
Anterior/ Ventral – the stomach is anterior to the lumbar vertebrae
Medial – the neck is medial to the shoulders
Lateral – the shoulders are lateral to the neck
body planes
sagittal- divides your body left from right
coronal - which divides your body from front to back
transverse - which divides your body up from down
Axis
frontal sagittal vertical
print photo
different movements and examples?
ADDUCTION/ABDUCTION - movement in frontal plane occurs about a sagittal axis
FLEXION/EXTENSION - Movement in a sagittal plane occurs about a frontal axis
ROTATION - Movement in a transverse plane occurs about a vertical axis
- medial or lateral rotation
CIRCUMDUCTION - Combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction
- ball and socket joints
INVERSION - inside of the foot upwards
EVERSION - moving outside of the foot upward
SUPINATION - Palm facing anteriorly
PRONATION - Palm facing posteriorly
- Radius and ulna form an X
What does a ligament join?
ligaments join Bone to Bone
What does a tendon join?
Tendons join muscle to bone
what are the three articulations (joints)
Fibrous Joints - immovable, bones are separated by only connective tissue e.g. - Skull
Cartilaginous Joint - semi-moveable, formed mainly by cartilage, connective tissue is hyaline cartilage e.g. - epiphyseal (growth) plate, Rib attachment to sternum
Synovial Joint - Freely-moveable, all limb joints allow free movement
What are the 5 different types of synovial joints?
hinge - elbow pivot - neck ball and socket - shoulder condyloid - wrist plane - in between fingers saddle - thumb
What movement is produced by a hinge joint?
one axis movement
flexion/extension
e.g. - Knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints
what movement is produced by a pivot joint?
one axis movement
e.g. - proximal end of radioulnar joint (supination and pronation)
Atlanto-axial joint - turning head side to side
what movement is produced by Ball and Socket joint?
3 axis of movement flexion/extension abduction adduction rotation e.g. - ONLY 2 - shoulder joint and hip joint
what movement is produced by condyloid or ellipsoidal joint?
two axis of movement
flexion/extension
Abduction/Adduction
e.g. - wrist between metacarpals and phalanges (metacarpophalangeal)
what movement is produced by Saddle Joint?
one bone saddle shaped; other bone fits as a person would be sitting in that saddle
Movement in 2 axis
- Circumduction allows tip of thumb to travel in circle
- Opposition allows tip of thumb to touch tip of other fingers
Example: thumb joint, bones in the ear
