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Structure & Function > Appendicular skeleton lower limbs 6 > Flashcards

Appendicular skeleton lower limbs 6 Flashcards

1
Q

put picture*** what are the bones of the lower limb?

A
  1. Pelvic girdle
    - Ileum, ischium, pubis, sacrum
  2. Thigh
    - Femur
  3. Leg
    - Tibia and fibula
  4. Ankle and foot
    - Multiple bones
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2
Q

what is the difference between the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle??

A

pectoral girdle provides more mobility than strength whereas your pelvic girdle has more strength than mobility

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3
Q

What are the three fused bones called that. make up the os coxae (one side of pelvis)

A

illium, ischium, pubis

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4
Q

What are the main differences between the male and female pelvis?

A 
FEMALE PELVIS 
-	Adapted for childbearing 
-	Light and thin 
-	Shallow false pelvis 
-	Large, circular pelvoc brim
-	Acetabulum faces anteriorly 
-	Pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees 
MALE PELVIS 
-       Adapted for strength and speed 
-	Heavy and thick 
-	Deep false pelvis 
-	Small, heart shaped brim 
-	Acetabulum faces laterally 
-	Pubic arch is less than 90 degrees
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5
Q

What does the ligamentum terres attach?

A

the ligamentum terres attaches the head of femur to the acetabulum

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6
Q

What musscles connect to the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity and linear aspera of the femur?

add photo lec 6

A

Greater trochanter – Superior and lateral to the head and neck of the femur
-Attachment site of the gluteus medius and minimus (hip abductors)
Gluteal tuberosity – Bony prominence inferior and posterior to the greater trochanter
-Site of the gluteus maximus muscle attachment
Linea aspera – line along the posterior surface of the bone
-Multiple muscle attachments

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7
Q

What is the fovea Capitis and what attaches to it?

A

the fovea capitis is a depression in the head of the femur and is the attachment site of the ligamentum teres

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8
Q

Anatomy of the knee

PHOTO

A

PHOTO

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9
Q

What are the 4 main stabilising ligaments in the knee?

A
  1. Medial collateral
  2. Lateral collateral
  3. Anterior cruciate
  4. Posterior cruciate
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10
Q

diagram of tibia (shin bone)

photo

A

photo

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11
Q

what ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity

A

Attachment site for the patella ligament

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12
Q

tibia - medial malleolus?
and
Fibula - lateral malleolus?
joint to?

A
  • medial surface of distal end (medial surface of ankle joint
  • distal end, articulates with the tibia and the talus at the ankle
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13
Q

is the fibula lateral or medial to the tibia?

A

Lateral

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14
Q

what joint does the head of the fibula form?

A

Tibiofibula joint

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15
Q

Diagram of fibula

A

photo

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16
Q

what type of joint is the ankle joint? and what two bones are involves

A

synovial hinge joint, consists of the tibia articulating with the talus of the foot

the fibula stabilises the joint laterally

17
Q

what are the 7 tarsal bones??

'’The Circus Needs More Interesting Little Clowns’’

A 
The 7 Tarsal bones:
1. Talus “ankle bone”
2. Calcaneus “heel bone”
3. Navicular 
4. Cuboid 
5-7. Cuneiforms (3 bones): Medial, intermediate, lateral
18
Q

what are the 5 metatarsals ?

A

Five metatarsal bones (#1 - #5)

- Enlarged head of metatarsal 1 forms the “ball of the foot

19
Q

How many phalanges are there and what are they called?

A
  • The 14 bones of the toes
  • Each digit (except the hallux) has three phalanges: proximal, middle, distal
  • Hallux has no middle phalanx
20
Q

Arches of the foot?

A

Longitudinal arches
-Begins at calcaneus, extends to heads of metatarsals

Transverse arch
-Formed by tarsals and bases of metatarsals

  • Normally ball of foot carries 40% of weight and heel 60%
  • The human foot has undergone substantial modifications to accommodate bipedal striding gait
21
Q

Arches of the foot?

ADD PHOTO

A

Longitudinal arches
-Begins at calcaneus, extends to heads of metatarsals

Transverse arch
-Formed by tarsals and bases of metatarsals

  • Normally ball of foot carries 40% of weight and heel 60%
  • The human foot has undergone substantial modifications to accommodate bipedal striding gait

Structure & Function (14 decks)

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