Appendicular skeleton upper limbs Flashcards
What are the 4 regions of the upper limb?
- pectoral/shoulder girdle
- Clavicle and scapula - Arm
- Humerus - Forearm
- Radius and Ulnar - Wrist and Hand
- Multiple bones
What are the two bones that make up the pectoral girdle?
- Scapula (shoulder blade)
2. Clavicle (Collar bone)
Clavicle (collarbone) where does it join? what is its purpose
The clavicle joins with the sternum medially and the scapula laterally
- acts as a brace and is commonly fractured
how do dislocations (luxations) occur?
– Occur when bones are forced out of alignment of the joint
- caused by serious falls or playing sports
what is a subluxation?
- partial dislocation of a joint
can be caused by a fall on an adducted or extended shoulder
What are the 5 types of fractures? (get picture)
- Simple (closed): Skin is intact, and bone parts may be aligned or displaced
- Compund (open): Skin is broken, and the bone parts have moved
- Incomplete/Greenstick: Bone splits longitudinally
- Complete/ Comminuted: More than one fracture at the same location
- Impacted: The two broken ends are forced into one another
what is the Scapulas (flat bone) landmarks?
put photo here
- 3 fossa (= a shallow depression muscle attachment)
- 3 angles (=corners)
- 3 borders (= edges)
- 2 processes (= an outgrowth or protuberance)
- 2 tubercles (= small projection)
- 1 cavity (=hollow)
What are the three main fossa on scapula?
print photo off hollys week 3 lec 5
dorsal/posterior surface:
- Supraspinatus fossa (above spine fossa)
- infraspinatus fossa (inferior (below) spine fossa)
Ventral/anterior surface
3. Subscapula fossa
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles and what are there movements?
(picture)
- Subscapularis – Rotates humerus medially – fits into subscapular fossa
- Supraspinatus – Abducts humerus – located in the supraspinous fossa
- Infraspinatus – Laterally rotates and adducts humerus – sits in the infraspinous fossa
- Teres Minor – Laterally rotates and adducts humerus
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) and what are the reinforcing ligaments?
(get picture)
- Ball and socket joint
- Coracohumeral ligament = which helps support the weight of the upper limb
- three glenohumeral ligaments = somewhat weak anterior reinforcements
what do bursae do and where are they located?
picture
found surrounding the joint capsule, they provide cushioning over the joint capsule, muscle and bone reducing friction
What does the humerus articulate (joins) with?
Picture of humerus and labels
Superiorly with The humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula, and inferiorly with the radius and ulna at the elbow
What muscles attach to the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus
Greater tubercle - posterior and lateral to lesser tubercle, site of attachment for supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles
Lesser tubercle - lies anterior to greater tubercle, site of attachment of subscapularis muscle
What muscle runs through the intertubercular sulcus (on the humerus) and what does it attach to?
the long tendon of the bicep muscle (long head bicep brachii) runs between the intertubercular sulcus before attaching to the supraglenoid tubercle
What muscle attaches to the deltoid tuberosity?
this is where the deltoid muscle of the shoulder attaches to the humerus
What two bones articulate with the distal humerus? and what part of the humerus do they attach?
The capitulum (head)corresponds to the radius and the ulna corresponds with the trochlea (pulley)
what are the two fossa in the anterior distal humerus?
and the one fossa in the posterior distal humerus?
- coronoid fossa - receives the coronoid process of the ulna in extension
- Radial fossa - receives the anterior part of the radius in flexion
what are the two fossa in the anterior distal humerus?
and the one fossa in the posterior distal humerus?
fossas in the anterior distal
1. coronoid fossa - receives the coronoid process of the ulna in extension
2. Radial fossa - receives the anterior part of the radius in flexion
fossa in the posterior distal
1. olecranon fossa - receives the olecranon during extension
What are the main landmarks on the radius and ulna?
pictures!!!!!
Below the radial neck is a bony prominence called the radial tuberosity, which is the site of attachment of the distal biceps tendon (remember the proximal biceps tendon attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula via the intratubercular sulcus)
what are the 5 different types of bones that make up the hand?
(picture)
- Carpal bones (8)
- Metacarpal bones (5)
- Proximal phalanges (5)
- Intermediate phalanges (4)
- Distal phalanges (5)
What are the 8 different types of carpal bones?
remember
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cant Handle
Picture lec 5
Proximal row (lateral to medial) 1. Scaphoid 2. Lunate 3. Triquetrum 4. Pisiform Distal row (lateral to medial) 1. Trapezium 2. Trapezoid 3. Capitate 4. Hamate
What are the names of the 5 metacarpal bones?
Five metacarpal bones (#1 to #5) from the palm, start from thumb
how many phalanges are in each finger and what are they called
- Each finger, except thumb, has three phalanges = distal/middle/proximal
- Thumb has no phalanx
diagram of hand (pic)
(PIC)