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PHARMA 3.0 > Cell Wall Synthesis And Protein Synthesis Inhibitors > Flashcards

Cell Wall Synthesis And Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards

0
Q

Aminoglycosides and Quinolones have what type of kinectics in bacterial killing?

A

Concentration dependent

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1
Q

What do u call the property of CA that permits them to target only those vital to microbe and not to man? In what mechanism.

A

Unique selectivity. Selective toxicity. By exploiting the basic chemical and physical differences bet the two.

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2
Q

Among penicillins what are those that are repository in nature. Give classification.

A

Benzathine and Procaine – naturally occuring penicillin.

B for RHF aand for syphilis

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3
Q

What drug mist be combined withr penicillin to prolong its concentration in the blood.

A

Probenecid

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4
Q

This drug is mainly used for staphylococcal infections

A

Methicillin/ nafcicillin/ isoxacillin group

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5
Q

Why is methicilin pulled out from the market

A

Causes acite tubular necrosis and acute tubular nephritis

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6
Q

True or false. Naturally occuring penicillins have activity on gram positive org and gram negative org.

A

False. Major - gram positive org. gram negativice cocci
Minor to little - gram negative rods

Can also act on streptococci.

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7
Q

Amoxicillin must be taken with food.

A

Not necessarily, absorption not impaired by food.

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8
Q

Give the repository form of penicillin

A

Benzathine and procaine

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9
Q

This repository drug is used for RHF to prevent reinfection thus endocarditis

A

Benzathine, once every 3-4 weeks

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10
Q

This repository drug is used for syphilis treatment

A

Benzathine, once a week x 3 wks

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11
Q

Oral absorption of penicillin depends on what factors:

A

Acid stability and protein binding

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12
Q

Penicillins can be used on lactating moms.

A

False. It is excreted in the breast milk and sputum

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13
Q

Give the mode of excretion of penicillins

A

Renally excreted, rapidly.

Nafcillin- biliary
DOC - biliary and kidney

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14
Q

Normally, penicillin poorly penetrates what organs?

A

PEC

Prostate
Eyes
CSF

But with acute inflammation, it can cross the meninges

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15
Q

This drug can increase drug concentration in the blood and tissue because it impairs absorption.

A

Benzathine and procaine

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16
Q

This drug increases penicillin blood level via preventing its renal tubular secretion

A

Probenecid

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17
Q

What do u call the therapy wherein you switch from an IV to oral form

A

Step down therapy

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18
Q

Change of family of drugs therapy

A

Switch therapy

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19
Q

Acid stable penicillins that are well absorbed. 3

A

ADA

Amox
Dicloxacillin
Ampi

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20
Q

Generally prevents protein synthesis.

A

Macrolides

Aminoglycosides

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21
Q

Generally inhibits cell wall synthesis

A

Beta lactam

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22
Q

Normally inhibits DNA synthesis

A

Sulfonamides

Quniolones

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23
Q

Which is prefered? Narrow or broad spectrum?

A

Narrow because of dec drug resitance, low cost, medication error

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24
Q

This group of penicillin have greater activity against gram negative but retaining that of its natural gram positive properties.

A

Extended spectrum antibiotics.

  • AMINOPENICILLIN - Amox and Ampi
  • ANTIPSEUDOMONNAL - CARBOXYPENICILLIN - UREIDO
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25
Q

This ESP is used for SOUL.

Sinusitis, Otitis, UTI, LRTI

A

Aminopenicillin

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26
Q

Used for SHIGELLOSIS

A

Ampicillin

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27
Q

Used against K. Pneumonia (-)

A

Ureidopenicillin

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28
Q

This mechanism of resistance is mainly responsible for the resistance of methicilin on staphylocci and pen g on enterococci and pneumococci

A

Modification of altered PBPs.

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29
Q

This is used for mixed type of aerobic and nonaerobic intraabdominal bacterial infection

A

Suicidal inhibitors

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30
Q

This is the first line of tx for n. Gonorrhea

A

Cefixime, Ceftriaxone

3rd gen

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31
Q

This is the DOC for enterobacter

A

Carbapanems

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32
Q

Also known as big buns drugs

A

Carbapanems

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33
Q

This drug is effective against mized infection and nosocomially acquired infxns

A

Carbapanems

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34
Q

What type of beta lactamases do carabapinems suscpetible to

A

Metalobetalactamases

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35
Q

This griup of drug bunds to the d-ala terminus which prevents elongation and cross linking

A

Glycopeptide inhibitors

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36
Q

This glycopeptode inhibitor is the prototype and is characterized as having red man or red neck syndrome

A

Vancomycin

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37
Q

What must be done in cases of red neck syndrome

A

Decrease dosage

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38
Q

This drug is the 2nd choice for enterocolitis

A

Vancomycin.

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39
Q

Cephalosphorin used for p. Aeruginosa

A

Ceftazidime
Ceforepazone

3rd gen

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40
Q

What drug is for citrobacter, serratia and providencia

A

3rd gen cephalosphorins

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41
Q

Wat drug is for h. Influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis

A

2nd gen cephalosporins

Cephamycins - cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefometaxole

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42
Q

This generation of cephalosporin is rarely used because of the presence of penicillin

A

1st gen

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43
Q

This generation of cephalosporin is used for PRSP.

A

Cefipime

44
Q

Drug used for PEK

A

1st gen. Cefazolin

45
Q

This drug is mainly for gram negative RODS only

A

Monobactam. Aztreonam

46
Q

This drud is classified as a monobactam because of the presence of a single beta lactam ring

A

Aztreonam

47
Q

True or false. Aztreonam can affect anaerobes and gram positive org

A

No. Only GRAM NEGATIVE RODS

48
Q

Which drug belongs to the methyltiotrazole group

A

Cefomandole
Cefotetan
Cefmetazole
Cefoperazone .

The MAN went to the METro to get some TAN because he has PERA.

49
Q

What must be looked upon on patients taking methylisoxazole group drugs

A

Increased PTT and bleeding disorders

50
Q

This glycopeptide is similar to vancomycin but with a longer half life of 45-70 hours

A

Teicoplanin

51
Q

This drug is a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide of vancomycin

A

Telavancin

52
Q

This drug is a cyclic peptide which acts on surface lesions

A

Bacitracin

53
Q

This drug is a cyclic lipopeptide with MOA not clearly defined but induces cell death via potassium efflux

A

Daptomycin

54
Q

This drug inhits enolpyruvate transferase which is an enzyme in cell wall synthesis.

A

Fosfomycin

55
Q

Fosfomycin can be used for pregnant woman with simple UTI

A

True

56
Q

This is a glycopeptide inhibitor that can be used as second line TN drug. Water soluble but unstable at acidic pH

A

Cycloserine

57
Q

This is similar to vancomycin oy with loner halflife

A

Teicoplanin

58
Q

This is a cyclic lipopeptide that is more bactericidal in vitro. Causea cell death

A

Daptomycin

59
Q

Sexond line drug for TB

A

Cycloserine

60
Q

His inhibits alanine racemase and ligase enzyme

A

Cycloserine

61
Q

This is a cyclic peptide that interferes with the dephosphorylation of lipid carrier

A

Bacitracin

62
Q

Works on mixed bacteria on superficial lesions

A

Bacitracin

63
Q

Inhibits trans peptidyl transferase

A

CMC, binds at 50s

64
Q

Inhibits translocation

A

Macrolides. 50s

65
Q

Inhibits attachment of aminoacyl tRNA to the acceptor site

A

Tetracyclines

66
Q

Inhibits formation of initiation complex and misread a codon

A

Aminoglycoside

67
Q

Inhibits both aminoacyl translocation and initiation complexes at 50s

A

Clindamycin

68
Q

What is the first step in protein synthesis and second step

A

Binding of aminoacyl tRNA followed by transpeptidation

69
Q

Give 3 resistances for tetracycline

A

Impaired influx or efflux.
Ribosome prrotection
Enzyme

70
Q

Tetracycline must not be given to whom

A

Pregnant and less than 8 y/o

71
Q

Among patients with renal insuff what drug can be and not given

A

Not – CEFTRIAXONE

Yes – DOXYCYCLINE AND TIGECYCLINE

72
Q

Drug for SIADH

A

Demedocycline

73
Q

This drug is the first glycylcycline. Effective against tetracycline resistrant trains. Can affect MRSA VISA VRE GRAM NEG ANAEROBES

A

Tigecycline

74
Q

Proteus and pseudomonas is intrinsically resitant to this

A

Tigecycline

75
Q

Tigecycline is adjusted to 50 with renal insuff

A

False. Biliary excreted

76
Q

Stimulates motilin and unstable in acidic ph

A

Erythro

77
Q

Used for MAC

A

Clarithro

78
Q

This does not inhibit cyp

A

Azithro

79
Q

Inhibits cyp450

A

Clarithro

80
Q

Its major metabolite has its antimicrobial activity

A

Claritho

81
Q

Not a macrolide and can be given to px with renal insuff

A

Clindamycin

82
Q

Inhibits cyp3a4

A

Streptogammins

83
Q

What drugs are increased with streptogammin usage

A

TC DAW

84
Q

Bizarre side effect of Cmc

A

Aplastic anemia

85
Q

This happens because it lacks glucoronyl transferase

A

Gray baby syndrome with cmc

86
Q

What enzyme inactivates cmc

A

Cmc acetyltranseferase

87
Q

It can cross CNS and CSF

A

CMC. 3rd gen cephalos plus cefu

88
Q

An aminoglycoside effective against positive and negative severe infxns like sepsis

A

Gentamycin

89
Q

Drug given for tb patients. as part of the first line tx

A

Streptomycin. Given IM or IV

90
Q

Effective as genta with pos and neg but more active against pseudomonas

A

Tobamycin

91
Q

For MDR

A

Amikacin

92
Q

For those tobra and genta resitant

A

Netilmicin

93
Q

Alternative for drug resistant gonorrhea

A

Spectinomycin

Cefixime and Ceftriaxone -

94
Q

Oxazoladinones

A

Prevents ribosome compelex formation

95
Q

For VER

A

Linezolif

96
Q

What aminoglycosides are nephrotoxic, ototoxic and vestibulooxic

A

O - KAN
V - SG
N - NTG

97
Q

This drug class has both PALE AND PAE

A

Amino

98
Q

This has only PALE

A

Macrolides

99
Q

What is the reason for MRSA and Pen G resistance to pneumococci and enterococci

A

Modificiation of traget PBPs

100
Q

Greater activity towards gram negative but retaining properties of gram positive

A

ESP

101
Q

An ESP that can be used for K. Pneumoniae

For sinusitis, otitis, URTI, LRTI

A

Ureidopenicillin - welcome to UK

Ampicillin - SOUL

102
Q

This drug is a semisynthetic loglycopeptide from teicoplanin. Useful against MRSA and VISA

A

Dalbavancin

103
Q

This drug inhibits the isomerization of L-alanine to D-alanine. Inhibits racemases and ligases

A

Cycloserine

104
Q

Aminoglycoside structure

A

Spectinomycin

105
Q

Causes resistance by forming methyltransferases and esterases that affects the binding at 50s

A

Macrolides

106
Q

Can penetrate well into abscesses

A

Clindamycin

107
Q

Among all glycopeptide inhibitors, which does not produce cross resistance

A

Bacitracin

108
Q

Causes curare like syndrome

A

Aminoglycosides

PHARMA 3.0 (7 decks)

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