Cell Unit Study guide Flashcards
1
Q
what are the three components of cell theory
A
- all living organisms are made up of one or more cells
- the cell is the basic unit of life
- all cells come from the division of pre-existing cells
2
Q
what are the three cell functions
A
cells will:
- grow
- reproduce
- interact with the environment
3
Q
how do prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells differ in their structures
A
Prokaryotic cells do not have vacuoles, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and ER’s while Eukaryotic cells do
4
Q
how do animal and plant cells differ in structure and list reasons why
A
only Animal cells have lysosomes and flagellum while only plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts.
5
Q
provide the functions of the following:
- cell wall
- cell membrane
- Smooth/Rough ER
- Golgi Body
- saccules
- vesicles
- Lysosome
- Vacuole
- Nucleus
- Nuclear envelope
- Nuclear pore
- nucleolus
- chloroplasts
- microtubles
- microfilaments
- basal body
- centrioles
- cytoplasm
- cytoskeleton
- cilia
- flagella
- mitochondria
- ribosomes
A
- cell wall: maintains shape of cell and serves as a protective barrier
- cell membrane: separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment, allows substances to exit or enter cell
- Smooth ER: site of lipid synthesis
- Rough ER: site of lipid synthesis
- Golgi Body: helps process and package protein and lipid molecules
- vesicles: helps transport materials, recycle waste materials, absorb and destroy toxic substances
- Lysosome: breaks down excess or worn-out cell parts
- Vacuole: to store water & dissolved materials
- Nucleus: controls and regulates activities of cell, contains genetic info, site of DNA replication, site of transcription
- Nuclear envelope: separates contents of nucleus from cytoplasm and provides structural framework of nucleus.
- Nuclear pore: allows small molecules and ions to freely pass, or diffuse, into or out of the nucleus.
- nucleolus: creates ribosomal subunits (rRNA)
- chloroplasts: convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process- microtubles
- microfilaments: serve in anchoring organelles and moving them within cell, used in cell structure and cytoskeleton structure
- microtubles: assist in moving material in cell, component of cytoskeleton, component found in flagellum or cillia
- basal body: direct formation of cillia or flagellum
- centrioles: give rise to basal bodies
- cytoplasm:
- cytoskeleton: maintains cell shape
- cilia: movement
- flagella: movement
- mitochondria: responsible for ATP synthesis (cellular respiration)
- ribosomes: site for protein synthesis
6
Q
what size and shape of a cell is best for diffusion of nutrients and waste
A
flat, microscopic, with projections (folds)
7
Q
As the size of the cell increases, what happens to the SA to volume ratio
A
Volume’s ratio to
SA increases
