Cell ultrastructure 2

Question 1

How do you workout magnification

Answer 1

Image / actual size

Question 2

How do you work out actual image size

Answer 2

Image/Magnification

Question 3

Difference between magnification and resolution

Answer 3

Magnification is about size
Resolution is about detail example distinguishing two points

Question 4

What does staining do

Answer 4

Make specimens visible
Provides Contrast

Question 5

What does slicing do

Answer 5

Light can past through

Question 6

Features of optical microscope 

Answer 6

Uses light
Magnifies ×1500
Low resolution
Uses dyes to stain to give a coloured image
Used for living specimens

Question 7

Features of an electron microscope

Answer 7

Uses electron beams
Magnifies times 1,500,000
High resolution
Black-and-white image
Kills living specimens


Question 8

What is scanning on an electron microscope

Answer 8

3-D image of the Surface

Question 9

What is transmission electron microscope 

Answer 9

2-D image of internal structure

Question 10

What is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 10

Eukaryotic cells are membrane bound
Plant cells and animal cells

Question 11

Which microscope is to be used to see the ultrastructure of animal cells

Answer 11

Electron

Question 12

Structure and function of the smooth ER

Answer 12

Single membrane, Cells which make a lot of lipids have a lot of smooth ER

Makes and processes lipid

Question 13

Structure and function of the rough ER

Answer 13

Outer surface is covered with ribosomes

Makes and processes proteins

Question 14

Structure and function of the ribosome

Answer 14

No membrane, found on Rough ER, Made of rRNA

Involved in translation of mRNA into a protein

Question 15

Function and structure of the cell membrane

Answer 15

Bilayer of phospholipids, folded to form microvilli

Provide structure
Regulates movement of substances in and out of cells

Question 16

Structure and function of the mitochondrion

Answer 16

Double membrane, inner membrane is folded to form Christae

Aerobic respiration to produce ATP and other metabolic intermediates such as amino acids

Question 17

Structure and function of the nucleolus and nucleus

Answer 17

Double membrane which contains nuclear pores to allow movement into an out of nucleus

Controlled activities of the cells and mix DNA mRNA tRNA and RRNA

Question 18

Structure and function of lysosomes

Answer 18

Single membrane which helps contains enzymes that would otherwise Digest the whole cell

Contains digestive enzymes for destroying worn out organelles

Question 19

Structure and function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 19

Single membrane

Modifies and packages proteins and lipids

Question 20

How do Stem cells replace themselves

Answer 20

By division Through mitosis

Question 21

What type of cells are stem cells

Answer 21

Undifferentiated

Question 22

What are the changes which stem cells undergo to become specialised called

Answer 22

Differentiation

Question 23

What does it mean when a gene is expressed during differentiation

Answer 23

Switched on

Question 24

What do expressed genes become

Answer 24

Transcribed into MRNA which is then translated into proteins

Question 25

Features of a totipotent cell

Answer 25

Can mature into any type of body cell

Question 26

Features of a pluripotent cell

Answer 26

Can mature into any type of body cell except the cell from the placenta

Question 27

Features of a multipotent cell

Answer 27

Can mature into a limited number of cell types

Question 28

Features of a unipotent cell

Answer 28

Can only mature into one type of cell

Question 29



Question 30

what is splicing?

Answer 30

Occurs in the nucleus
- Cuts out Introns and joins exons to make mature mRNA