5 metabolism Flashcards
What is ATP?
An energy source used by all living organisms
Adenosine Triphosphate
How is ATP made
ATP synthase by condensation using energy
What does ATP consist of
3 Phosphate groups
A pentose sugar
A nitrogenous base
What breaks down ATP?
ATP hydrolase by Hydrolysis to release energy
When is ATP broken down?
When cells need energy
Why is ATP a good energy source
1 Energy is released in a single reaction
2 Energy is released in small amounts
3 Its soluble
Coupling meaning
ATP hydrolysis is often coupled to other reactions which require energy
Ensures energy is used rather then being lost as heat
What is phosphorylation
Phosphate ion released by ATP hydrolysis can be added to other compounds to make them more reactive.
ATP drives biological processes
DNA replication
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Protein synthesis
Initial rate of reaction
Rate measured at the start of an experiment when S concentration is highest
Why is initial rate higher then overall rate?
because its the rate measured at the start of an experiment
- when substrate concentration is highest
- chances of E-S collision are greatest.
- RATE GRADUALLY SLOWS AS SUBSTRATE IS USED
4 stages of aerobic revision
Glycolysis
Link reaction
Krebs cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Glycolysis
Glucose 6C splits into 2 pyruvate molecules 3C
H atoms are removed
Energy released is used to make ATP
Link Reaction
Each Pyruvate 3C is converted to acetylcoenzyme A (2C)
H atoms are removed
CO2 is removed
Krebs Cycle
Acetylcoenzyme A (2C) combined with a 4C compound which is recycled
CO2 is removed
H atoms removed
Energy released used to make ATP
