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Unit 1 Human Biology > Biological Molecules 1.1 > Flashcards

Biological Molecules 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Repeating monomer units.

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2
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

One glucose is a monosaccharide and multiple are polysaccharides.

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3
Q

What is a protein?

A

Polymer of amino acids
Eg: Collagen
Insulin

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4
Q

What is a nucleic acid?

A

Polymer of nucleotides
- DNA
- RNA

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5
Q

Condensation

A

Creation of a covalent bond by elimination of a water molecule

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6
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Broken bond as a result of addition of a water molecule

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7
Q

Function of carbs

A

Energy store in plants
Energy store in animals
Mechanical support (cellulose)

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8
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Maltose
Galactose

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9
Q

Examples of disaccharides

A

Lactose
Maltose
Sucrose

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10
Q

What is starch?

A

An energy store in plants made out of amylopectin and amylose which are both alpha glucose

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11
Q

2 isomers of glucose & how to tell.

A

Alpha glucose and beta glucose.
Alpha glucose is H on top

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12
Q

Alpha glucose + Alpha glucose

A

Maltose + Water

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13
Q

Alpha glucose + galactose

A

Lactose + Water

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14
Q

A glucose + fructose

A

Sucrose + Water

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15
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

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16
Q

Test for starch

A

Amylose coils into a helix shape and traps blue/black iodine solution - this shows starch

17
Q

Why are starch and glycogen ideal energy stores

A

Compact
Insoluble
Large molecules

18
Q

Features of cellulose

A

Structural polysaccharide
Straight and unbranched
Form micro/macrofibrils, 1000s of H bonds making it strong and insoluble.

19
Q

Primary structure of protein

A

Sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain

20
Q

Secondary structure of amino acids

A

Coiling and pleating of polypeptides

21
Q

Tertiary structure of protein

A

Overall 3D structure

22
Q

Quarternartery structure

A

Overall structure consists of more then 1 polypeptide chain

23
Q

Example of Lipid

A

Triglyceride

24
Q

Features of triglycerides

A

Good energy stores
1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Insoluble in water
Good energy stores

25
Q

Animal Fat

A

Single. Fat. Cat. Sat.

26
Q

Plant oils

A

C=C unsaturated

27
Q

What causes Gene mutations?

A

mutations are caused by spontaneous errors during DNA replication. And mutagenic agents which damage DNA

28
Q

What do mutagenic agents increase the rate of
Examples

A

Gene mutations
Radiation and toxic chemicals

29
Q

Silent effect gene mutation

A

Protein may function in the same way

30
Q

Mis-sense gene mutation

A

Protein may function differently

31
Q

Nonsense gene mutation 

A

Protein may not function at all

Unit 1 Human Biology (14 decks)

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