8 respiration Flashcards
How is trachea adapted?
Rings of cartilage -
- maintains flexibility
- prevents tube from collapsing
- keeps airways open
Ciliated epithelial cells
have hairs on the surface of epithelial cells project into airway lumen
Cilia beat in rapid ‘wave’ like motions to push harmful substances out of the respiratory system
Goblet cells
Secrete mucus
Mucus traps foreign bodies
features of alveoli
Elastic walls which expand during inspiration and recoil during exparation
Film of moisture to allow gasses to dissolve during gas exchange
lipid to prevent collapsing during expiration
Draw the human gas exchange system
use ipad or paper and compare to pp
Diaphragm and inhalation
When the diaphragm contracts it moves DOWN - air rushes in
Thorax volume increases
Pressure decreases
Exhalation diaphragm
When diaphragm relaxes it MOVES UP - pushing air out
Tidal volume
Volume of air in each breath
Ventilation Rate
breaths per minute
Pulmonary Ventilation Rate
TV X VR
Examples of respiratory diseases
Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Asthma
Respiratory disease affects - overall
Increase in blood CO2 - respiratory acidosis
Decrease in blood CO2 - Hypoxia
REDUCED LUNG FUNC - less gas exchange
COPD examples
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Who is affected by COPD
- Middle aged or older adults who smoke
- Likelihood of COPD increases the more you smoke and the longer you smoke
- Some cases are caused by long term exposure to fumes or dust or occur as a rare genetic problem meaning lungs are more vulnerable to damage.
Is COPD more prevalent in men or women
men
