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Unit 1 Human Biology > 9 > Flashcards

9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of Carbohydrates

A

Energy

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2
Q

Function of proteins

A

growth and repair

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3
Q

Fats

A

For energy / makes membranes

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4
Q

Functions of vitamins

A

In small amounts for cells to work properly

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5
Q

Function of minerals

A

Small amounts to make body chemicals

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6
Q

Functions of Fibre

A

Keep bowels working properly

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7
Q

Water

A

For chem reactions.

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8
Q

Function of the mouth

A

Food is chewed and mixes with saliva

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9
Q

Oesophagus

A

Joins mouth to the stomach

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10
Q

Stomach

A

‘bag with strong muscles’ food mixed with protease enzymes.

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11
Q

Liver

A

Makes bile juice - neutralises acid

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12
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces different enzymes and acids

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13
Q

Small intestine

A

A long tube which completes digestion and absorbs nutrients from food.

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14
Q

Large intestine

A

A long tube. Water is absorbed from food

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15
Q

Rectum

A

Faeces are stores before leaving the body.

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16
Q

Gall bladder

A

stores and concentrates bile salts before theyre secreted into the duodenum

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17
Q

Specialisation of the mouth

A

TEETH
These chew - mech digestion

Tongue mixes food w saliva aiding chem digestion

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18
Q

Oesophagus specialisation

A

contractions - peristalsis.

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19
Q

Stomach specialisation

A

hydrochloric acid
enzyme pepsin

20
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Breakdown large masses of food into smaller masses
- chewing with teeth and tongue
- bile salt

21
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Denaturing of proteins using acid baths (HCl)

22
Q

What type of molecule is broken into amino acids?

A

Proteins

23
Q

What happens in disaccharide deficiency?

A
  • Intolerance to sugars
  • Lack of lactase enzyme – unable to break down lactose into glucose and galactose.
  • Bacteria in the gut break down lactose as it reaches the colon.
  • The fermentation gases create unpleasant symptoms such as abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting.
  • The altered osmotic potential of the colon prevent efficient reabsorption of water and causes diarrhoea
24
Q

Name the process by which substances such as amino acids move into the blood stream from small intestine

A

Diffusion

25
Q

How are villi adapted to make digestion more efficient

A

Large surface area
Thin walls - shorter distance for molecules to travel into blood

26
Q

Do fats or carbs have more energy?

A

Carbs have 2x more energy per gram

27
Q

What happens after food is broken down?

A

Used in cell respiration to make ATP

28
Q

How is energy content in food worked out?

A 
                 Substance Mass
29
Q

What is BMI

A

Body mass Index

29
Q

Limitations of BMI

A

When muscle weighs more then fat
Doesnt account for other tissues
Doesnt measure fat around organs which is a sign of healthy weight.

30
Q

BMI rate of underweight

A

12-18.5

31
Q

Healthy BMI

A

18.5-25

32
Q

Overweight BMI

A

25.5-29

33
Q

Obese BMI

A

30-39

34
Q

two people with a mass of 90kg
- one is seen as healthy
- one is seen as obese
why?

A

the obese persons BMI is higher, they are shorter meaning their mass is due to body fat and not bone/muscle.

35
Q

Sources of Carbs
Role of carbs

A

Potato, rice, pasta
Starch used as main substrate for cellular respiration to make Atp

36
Q

Sources of proteins
Role

A

Red and white meat, fish, nuts
Growth and repair of cells

37
Q

Source of Lipid
Role

A

Cheese, yoghurt and chocolate

Energy store, makes up cell membranes
Cholesterol used to make steroids

38
Q

Vitamin ROLES AND SOURCE
C
A
K
B

A

C - citrus fruits : tissue growth and repair
K - Green leafy veg : blood clotting
A/B - dairy/fish/liver : maintains teeth/bones/skin/brain function

39
Q

Minerals
Iron
Calcium
Phosphate

A

Iron - Red meats and green leafy veg : Haemaglobin for oxygen transport.

Calcium : Milk Sun - Bone formation

Phosphate : Processed meat and cola - ATP synthesis

Sodium : Salt - Nervous system function

Potassium : Fruit banana : NS function

40
Q

Water intake and what does it do

A

From food and drink
Main bodily fluid

41
Q

Fibre intake and what it does

A

Vegetables and salads
Allows bowels to work properly and prevents constipation

42
Q

Function of Pepsin

A

Breaks down proteins

43
Q

Function of trypsin

A

Digests proteins
Small intestine

44
Q

How is the small intestine adapted for absorption

A

Large surface area
Rich blood supply
Short diffusion pathway

Unit 1 Human Biology (14 decks)

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