Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 1 Human Biology > 11 > Flashcards

11 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintaining a constant internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why do cells need homeostasis

A

vital for cells to function normally and prevent damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

example of control

A

core temperature
blood glucose
water balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Morbidity

A

impaired quality of life leading to stress and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mortality

A

loss of life and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Example of controlled body temp

A

37.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Example of controlled blood glucose

A

3.5-5dm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Example of controlled oxygen level

A

12Kpa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Temperature jeopardised

A

Hyperthermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood glucose jeopardised

A

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oxygen levels jeopardised

A

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Homeostasis involves negative feedback
what is it

A

mechanism that restores a level back to normal by reversing a change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Multiple negative feedback

A

Quicker response
More control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Positive feedback

A

amplifies change from a normal level
Triggers response to be MORE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Positive feedback Features

A

Not involved in homeostasis
Gives rapid activation of a process (e.g. labour)
Often associated with breakdown of control systems (e.g. temp. control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are hormones made of

A

protein

17
Q

Where are hormones transported

A

bloodstream

18
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Temperature of blood flowing through brain and and internal organs
Metabolism is controlled by temperature
Temperature changes enzyme activity

19
Q

What happens if temperature state is too high

A

Hyperthermia
Brain becomes affected at 40degrees, begins showing symptoms such as confusion and hallucinations
41< leads to organ failure, denaturing of proteins, coma and death.

20
Q

What happens if temperature state is too low ?

A

Hypothermia
Brain becomes affected at 34 degrees.
Confusion, loss of co ordination
When it is lower then 32degrees, brain damage and organ failure

21
Q

Why is thermoregulation controlled?

A

To ensure enzymes are functioning correctly

  • hyperthermia leads to denaturing of proteins
    -hypothermia leads to slow rate of reaction
22
Q

Epidermal response to hypothermia

A

Insulating layer of air above the skin
Little/no sweat produced
As the muscles contract to pull the hairs upright, a tiny bulge appears on the skin – ‘goosebumps’.

23
Q

Epidermal response to hyperthermia

A

Sweat evaporated from skin increasing heat loss
Sweat glands produce sweat
Hairs lie flat

24
Q

Blood glucose regulation

A
  • Blood supplies cells with glucose used as a substrate for respiration
  • If there is not enough blood glucose the cell cannot perform respiration
  • If blood glucose conc. is to too high the water potential of the blood falls so low that water leaves cells by osmosis, down the water potential gradient. If too much water leaves cells, they shrivel up (crenate) and die.
25
Q

Blood glucose too low

A

Cells lose water by osmosis, shrivel and die

26
Q

Blood glucose too high

A

Cells cant make enough ATP to stay alive

27
Q

Hypoglacaemia

A

Fainting
Loss of conciousness

28
Q

How is an increase in blood glucose regulated

A

Beta cells secrete insulin
Reducing BG
Binding to liver/muscle cells
More glucose enters cells
Stimulates glucose - glycogen

29
Q

How is a decrease in BG regulated?

A

alpha cells detect and secrete glucagon
increasing bg
binds to liver cells

30
Q

Functions of the kidney

A

Excretion of Urea - from the body

Osmoregulation - Control of water and salt levels

31
Q

Bowmans capsule and ultrafiltration

A

Ultrafiltration occurs under high pressure.
Blood pressure in the glomerulus capillaries is unusually high because:

Afferent arteriole is wider than the Efferent arteriole

31
Q

Bowmans capsule and ultrafiltration

A

Ultrafiltration occurs under high pressure.
Blood pressure in the glomerulus capillaries is unusually high because:

Afferent arteriole is wider than the Efferent arteriole

32
Q

What are pores

A

Pores are holes in the capillary wall.
These allow blood plasma & dissolved solutes through.

Unit 1 Human Biology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions