Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOLOGY > Cell Transport Unit 3 > Flashcards

Cell Transport Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chemical makeup of the plasma membrane?

PPS 4-11

A

A Phospholipid bilayer composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol

Phospholipids are made out of a phosphate head, glycerol, and fatty acid tails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is the membrane described as selectively permeable or semipermeable?

A

The cell membrane is selectively-permeable membrane that allows only some substances and molecules to pass into or leave the cell.

All cells are surrounded by a selectively-permeable membrane. This membrane not only surrounds the cellular organelles but also acts as a barrier between the internal and the external environment. A cell membrane that is selectively permeable acts as a boundary or fence of the cell. It allows the molecules to pass through active or passive transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can easily cross the plasma membrane?

PPS 16-24-1

A

Small molecules like H2 and O2

easily and water with the help of transport proteins

Non charged lipid molecules

Small polar molecules like water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the passage of passable molecules related to its chemical composition?

PPS 16-24-1

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does semipermeable mean?

A

Semipermeable means the allowing of certain substances to pass through it like solvents and some solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is diffusion?

PPS 26, 37-42

A

It is the movement of molecules form an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Movement occurs along a concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is osmosis?

PPS 26, 37-42

A

It is the diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane from a region of LOWER solute concentration to a HIGH solute concentration

For osmosis to occur the solute would not be able to pass through the membrane

Important to note*** water moves freely back and forth through semipermeable membrane

3 main types of osmosis:
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is hypotonic and its solute concentration?

PPS 39-42

A

Hypo rhymes with low soooo LOWWWW solute concentration

EXPENDING OF CELL

Swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is hypertonic and its solute concentration?

PPS 39- 42

A

High solute ( salt ) concentration in cell

And low water concentration in cell

Cell shrinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is isotonic and its solute concentration?

PPS 39-42

A

Water doesn’t move because the conditions inside and outside are the SAME

STABLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is crenation?

PPS 37-47

A

the formation of abnormal cells as a result of water loss through osmosis

hypertonic causes crenation of shell basically for it to prune and shrink

OCCUR IN ANIMAL CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is turgor pressure?

PPS 37-47

A

the pressure that is exerted by the fluid like water against the cell wall

Expanding to point of bloat due to hypotonic process of tooo much water/fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is lysis?

PPS 37-47

A

the breakdown of a cell caused by damage to its plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is plasmolysis?

PPS 37-47

A

OCCUR IN PLANT CELLS

It is defined as the process of contraction or shrinkage of the cell of a plant cell and is caused due to the loss of water in the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are aquaporins?

PPS 52

A

It is the water transport

It is a hydrophilic channel protein at cell membrane that allows the transfer of water to pass through the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How cell transport work?

A

It is the movement of substances across the cell membrane either into or out of the cell.

Sometimes things just move through the phospholipid bilayer. Other times, substances need the assistance of a protein, like a channel protein or some other transmembrane protein, to cross the cell membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is diffusion?

PPS 53-

A

Spontaneous movement of a substance from one region to another often with a net movement from a region of high concentration to one of the low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is facilitated transport?

PPS 53-57

A

It is a type of PASSIVE transport of substances across a membrane with assistance of transmembrane carrier that does not require energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is active transport?

PPS 53-57

A

The movement of ions or molecules across a membrane in a single direction often against a gradient

This requires ENERGY usually in form of ATP and transport protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is endocytosis?

PPS 53-57

A

When the cells take in substances by vesicle formation in general term for any pinching off of the plasma membrane that results in the uptake of material from outside the cell

More types of endocytosis are:
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is exocytosis?

PPS 53-57

A

When vesicles carry a specific molecule fuses with the membrane to release a substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How are the previous terms related to anatomy and physiology?

PPS 53-57

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the specific functions which concern the proteins in the membrane?

A

Proteins are used to

TRANSPORT PROTEINS substances from outside cell membrane to pass through to cell

CHANNEL PROTEINS have a hollow core

CARRIER PROTEINS alternate between two shapes moving a solute across the membrane during a shape change

AQUAPORINS allow the transfer of water through membrane

CORECEPTORS are proteins that work with another receptor to transfer
Materials across cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are specific diseases that are caused by plasma membrane abnormalities as well as these proteins in the plasma membrane ?

A

Protein malnlutrition

General caloric deprivation

Kwashiorkor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does the makeup of the plasma membrane concern the study of anatomy/physiology? Handout :/?
26
What are receptor proteins? PPS 83
It’s role is to bind molecules They are shaped in a way that a specific molecule came bind to the receptor protein IT RECEIVES MOLECULES
27
What are recognition proteins? PPS 83
function to distinguish "self" from foreign cells
28
What are communication proteins? PPS 83
Function is to send and receive signals form cell to cell molecule to molecule
29
What is a prokaryotic cell and its characteristics? PPS 4-8
Domain member of archae and makes up different kinds of bacteria Not made up of many membrane bound organelles DOES NOT have a nuclei CONTAINS: Nucleoid with DNA Plasmids Ribosomes Cytoplasm Flagella Cell wall????
30
What is a eukaryotic cell and its characteristics? Read 7.1 and 7.2 PPS 4-8
It is a member of the domain eukarya CONTAIN: Nucleus Numerous membrane bound organelles
31
What does a prokaryotic cell have? Read 7.1 + 7.2 pg 147-149
Cell wall Plasmid Nucleoid Ribosomes Cytoplasm Flagella
32
What is a cytoskeleton?
Flund in eukaryotic cells it is a network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm that are involved in making the cells shape, and provide structural support of cell Prokaryotic cells have a similar but much less extensive network of fibers
33
What is cytoplasm?
Contents of a cell bounded by the plasma membrane excluding the nucleus if present DOES NOT CONTAIN THE NUCLEUS PARTS
34
What is cytosol?
The fluid portion of the cytoplasm that contains nucleus parts
35
What are organelles?
Discreet membrane bound compartment within a cell that has a structure and function in a cell
36
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? PPS 26-29
A network of interconnected membrane sacs and tubules found inside a cell the synthesizes lipids and proteins that stay in endomembrane system and the plasma membrane
37
What is smooth ER? PPS 29
Portion of endoplasmic reticulum that lacks attached ribosomes. Involved in synthesizing lipids and removing toxic molecules
38
What is rough ER? PPS 29
Portion of endoplasmic reticulum that is dotted with ribosomes. Involved in synthesizing plasma membrane proteins secreted proteins and proteins localized to ER, Golgi apparatus , and lysosomes
39
What are vesicles? PPS 49 and 50
A membrane enclosed compartment with an aqueous interior that is often used in cells to transport cargo between organelles or to the plasma membrane for secretion
40
What are ribosomes? PPS 64
synthesizes proteins by using the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA
41
What is the Golgi apparatus? PPS 3
Functions include: PPD THE PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND DISTRIBUTION CENTERS of the proteins form the endoplasmic reticulum
42
What is the Mitochondria? PPS 11-16
POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL produces energy for the cell Produces ATP have their own RNA and DNA and ribosomes bales to reproduce theirselves Similar to bacteria
43
What are Lysosomes? PPS 20-22
Lysosomes is a recycler organelles it recycles cellular material and destroys any nonfunctional organelles and portions of cytoplasm Low ph Contains digestive enzymes of a cell that digests cell itself or foreign material for the golgi
44
What is the nucleus? PPS 30-32
Nucleus contain genetic material for the cell used as information storagers and transmission do genes within cell
45
What is the nucleolus? PPS 37-39
It is a dark region chromatin where RNA is produced and where rRNA joins with proteins to form subunits of ribosomes
46
What are the cytoskeleton components? PPS 45-47
Cytoskeleton maintains shape and movement and structural support of a cell Cytoskeleton consists of: Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate filaments
47
What are peroxisomes? PPS 65-66
Peroxisomes are prevalent in cells that are synthesizing and breaking down lipids they also produce and break down H2O2
48
What is the difference between animal and plant cells? PPS 70
Plant cells have cell walls (cellulose), chloroplasts, and one large vacuole with no centrioles but animals do not have this but have centrioles
49
What is the chloroplasts? PPS 78-79
Contains chlorophyll Area of photosynthesis occurs Chloroplasts contains cytosol by an envelope consisting of two membranes separated by narrow inter membrane space
50
What is the cell wall? PPS 87
It is a fibrous layer for outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria and archae and many eukaryotic plant cells The cell wall supports and protects a plant
51
What is the vacuole? PPS 92
Vacuole is an area of water and solute and metabolism storage of waste products in a plant cell
52
What are cell junctions? PPS 97-98
The linking of cells (series of proteins) this plays a role in anchoring cells to each other and this often helps with cells to communicate to each other
53
What are tight junction? PPS 99-102
Tight junctions seal cells together to prevent small molecules for leaking across layer of cells. These junctions form a water tight seal common in cells that are used as a barrier Like cells that line the stomach
54
What are desmosomes? PPS 99 103 106
ring junctions that attach cells to each other Desmosomes help resist-shearing of cytoskeleton and cells and make up cytoskeleton
55
What are gap junctions? PPS 99 103-106
A type of cell attachment structure that directly connects the cytosol of adjacent animal cells allowing water,ions, and small molecules in
56
What is phylogeny? PPS 3
Evolutionary history of a group of organisms
57
Describe the 3 main domains of life as well as the super groups PPS 20-21
Domain Archae- consists of unicellular prokaryotes distinguished by cell walls made of certain polysaccharides Domain Eubacteria- consisting mostly of bacteria forms Domain Eukaryae- unicellular organisms mostly protists and yeasts and multicellular organisms like fungi, plants, animal distinguished by membrane bound organelles and extensive cytoskeleton
58
How is the organization of protists different today? PPS 20-21
All protists are eukaryotes except for fungi animals and land plants
59
What are viruses? PPS 26-27
A virus is NOT a complete cell that is made out of DNA or RNA genetic material surrounded by protein coat and only reproduces by using its host
60
Why are viruses not included in domain of life? PPS 26-27
It is not considered a complete cell
61
What is cell theory? PPS 36-39
1. All living organisms are made out of cells 2. The most basic unit of life is the cell 3. Cells can only arise form other cells
62
Why are viruses not a form of life? PPS 36-39
A virus is not classified as a complete cell
63
How does the cell theory relate to phylogeny and the study of life? PPS 36-39
Cell theory relates to the tree and study of life because it is proof the living organisms come from another living thing before
64
What is a light microscope? * terms of illumination and resolution PPS 41-46
Use glass to make up lenses Illumination is by light
65
What is an electron microscope? * terms of resolution and illumination PPS 41-46
Cells that are smaller than 2 microns can be seen in this microscope. Use electron beams focused in vacuum Lenses are not glass but electromagnetic Focused on to fluorescent screen
66
What is phagocytosis?
Ingestion of outside substances to inside the cell
67
What is pinocytosis?
The ingestion of liquid into a cell by budding of small vesicles from cell membrane

BIOLOGY (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions