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Biology I > Cell Transport > Flashcards

Cell Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the (4) parts of the cell membrane?

A
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Cholesterol
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2
Q

What is the function of lipids in a cell membrane?

A

Phospholipids (selectively permeable) - lets some stuff pass, others get blocked

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3
Q

What is the function of proteins in a cell membrane?

A

Act like a door to let in big molecules

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4
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates in a cell membrane?

A

Act as identifiers

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5
Q

What is the function of cholesterol in a cell membrane?

A

Keeps the consistency of the membrane in cold or hot

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6
Q

What do cell membranes do?

A

Help maintain homeostasis controlling what substances may enter or leave the cell

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7
Q

Passive Transport

A
  • High to low concentration
  • With the concentration gradient
  • Does not use ATP
  • 3 types
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8
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration

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9
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

Difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance

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10
Q

For how long will molecules continue to diffuse?

A

Until they reach equilibrium

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11
Q

Equilibrium

A

Equal concentration of molecules throughout

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12
Q

What is let into the cell membrane? What are two examples?

A
  • Small, polar molecules
  • O2, CO2
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13
Q

Polar

A

Has a negative and positive side

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14
Q

What is not let into the cell membrane? What are three examples?

A
  • Large, non-polar molecules and ions
  • Glucose (C6H12O6), Lipids, Na+, Cl-
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15
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Method that molecules that are too large to enter the cell but are needed for survival use to enter the cell

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16
Q

How do molecules enter through facilitated diffusion? (2)

A
  • Carrier Proteins
  • Ion/Protein Channels
17
Q

What is true about carrier proteins?

A

They can only transport one thing determined by its shape, similar to an ezymes/substrate

18
Q

Ion Channel

A

How charged particles enter the cell

19
Q

How are ion channels triggered to open? (3)

A
  • Stretching the membrane
  • Electrical signals
  • Chemical in the cytoplasm
20
Q

Osmosis

A

Passive transport of water across a membrane

21
Q

Hypotonic

A

More solutes (salt) inside than outside –> water goes in –> cell grows

22
Q

Hypertonic

A

More solutes (salt) outside than inside –> water goes out –> cell shrinks

23
Q

Isotonic

A

Solutes equal inside and outside –> water flows equally –> volume is the same

24
Q

Turgor Pressure

A

Plants live in hypotonic environments –> bring water into roots –> the water adds pressure to the cell walls

25
Q

Cytolysis/Cytolytic Pressure

A

Animal cells’ hypotonic environment –> cells swell so much it bursts

26
Q

Plasmolysis/Plasmolic Pressure

A

Plant cells’ hypertonic environment –> water flows out of the cell –> gets crushed by the external pressure = plasmolysis (why plants wilt)

27
Q

Contractile Vacuole

A

Organelles that pump out extra water in freshwater organisms that are living in hypotonic environments so they don’t grow too big and explode due to constant water intake

28
Q

Active Transport

A
  • Low to high concentration
  • Against concentration gradient
  • Uses ATP
29
Q

Transport Proteins

A

Act as pumps to pump materials against concentration gradient

30
Q

What is an example of a pump?

A

Sodium - potassium pump

31
Q

What is true about pumps?

A

Need to be shielded from the lipid tails because of the polarity

32
Q

Exocytosis

A

Process of which substances in the cell are released by a vesicle (a fluid filled sac)

33
Q

Describe the process of exocytosis.

A

Golgi has modifies protein –> creates a vesicle which moves through cytoplasm –> becomes part of the membrane –> release the particles outside the cell

34
Q

Endocytosis

A

Process by which substances enter the cell

35
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Solids enter the cell

36
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Liquids enter the cell

37
Q

Describe phagocytosis.

A

Phagocytes (cells) are filled with enzymes and break up bacteria

38
Q

Channel Protein

A

Transport protein that provides a tube-like opening in the plasma through which particles can diffuse

39
Q

Transport Protein

A

Used to help substances enter or exit the cell membrane

Biology I (6 decks)

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