Cell structure worksheet

Question 1

What is the prokaryote genome?

Answer 1

double stranded DNA with a single, circular chromosome

Question 2

What is the eukaryote genome?

Answer 2

double stranded DNA with many, linear chromosomes

Question 3

What organelles do prokaryotes have?

Answer 3

only ribosomes
no membrane-bound organelles

Question 4

What organelles do eukaryotes have?

Answer 4

membrane-bound organelles
mitochondria, ER, golgi, lysosomes, nucleus, chloroplasts, vacuoles, peroxisomes, ribosomes

Question 5

What size are prokaryotes?

Answer 5

.1-5 micrometers

Question 6

What size are eukaryotes?

Answer 6

10 to 100 micrometers

Question 7

Describe the cell membrane of eubacteria

Answer 7

phospholipid bilayer with unbranched fatty acids

Question 8

Describe the cell membrane of archaebacteria

Answer 8

phospholipid monolayer with branched fatty acids

Question 9

Describe the cell membrane of eukaryotes

Answer 9

phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Question 10

What is the cell membrane comprised of?

Answer 10

phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates

Question 11

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 11

to provide the cell with structure, cell shape, and regulate what enters and leaves a cell

Question 12

Describe the cytoplasm of eubacteria and archaebacteria

Answer 12

no membrane-bound organelles

Question 13

Describe the cytoplasm of eukaryotes

Answer 13

contains membrane-bound organelles

Question 14

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 14

to hold internal components of a cell together and protect them from damage

Question 15

Do eubacteria and archaebacteria have a nucleus?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

What is the nucleus comprised of?

Answer 16

DNA, chromosomes, chromatin

Question 17

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 17

to store and protect DNA, regulate growth, division, and genetic expression

Question 18

Do eubacteria and archaebacteria have a nucleolus?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

What is the nucleolus comprised of?

Answer 19

RNA, DNA, and proteins

Question 20

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 20

to produce and assemble ribosomes

Question 21

Do eubacteria and archaebacteria have a nucleoid?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleoid?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

What is the nucleoid comprised of?

Answer 23

a single, circular DNA molecule, along with a small amount of associated proteins and RNA molecules

Question 24

What is the function of the nucleoid?

Answer 24

store and organize a prokaryotic cell’s genetic material (DNA)

Question 25

Do eubacteria and archaebacteria have a nuclear envelope?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

What is the nuclear envelope comprised of?

Answer 26

inner and outer nuclear membranes, nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes

Question 27

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 27

separates nucleus from cytoplasm, provides structural framework of the nucleus

Question 28

Do eubacteria and archaebacteria have ribosomes?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

What are ribosomes comprised of?

Answer 29

rRNA and proteins

Question 30

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 30

synthesize proteins

Question 31

Do eubacteria and archaebacteria have mitochondria?

Answer 31

no

Question 32

What are mitochondria comprised of?

Answer 32

outer and inner phospholipid membranes and a matrix

Question 33

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 33

produce ATP and generate energy needed for chemical reactions

Question 34

Do eubacteria and archaebacteria have a rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 34

no

Question 35

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum comprised of?

Answer 35

folds of tissues and channels

Question 36

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 36

Location of protein synthesis for any protein that is secreted from the cell or embedded in the membrane Proteins fold into 3d conformation Modified by addition of carbohydrates Phospholipids are synthesized here Delivers proteins to golgi in membrane-bound vesicles

Question 37

Do eubacteria and archaebacteria have a smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 37

no

Question 38

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum comprised of?

Answer 38

network of interconnected tubular membranes

Question 39

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 39

Carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones are synthesized Detoxification of medicines and poisons Calcium ions are stored Specialized in muscle cells: sarcoplasmic reticulum Stores large concentrations of calcium ions to allow coordinated muscle contraction

Question 40

Do eubacteria and archaebacteria have a golgi apparatus?

Answer 40

no

Question 41

What is the golgi apparatus comprised of?

Answer 41

stack of flattened cisternae and associated vesicles and associated vesicles

Question 42

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 42

transport, sorting and modification of both protein and lipid

Question 43

Do eubacteria and archaebacteria have a cytoskeleton?

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

What are cytoskeletons comprised of?

Answer 44

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

Question 45

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 45

provide structural support for the cell