cell structure and transport Flashcards
advantages of light microscopes
less expensive and mobile
disadvantages of a light microscope
low resolution and 2d
what is resolution
the ability to distinguish separate points
what is a eukaryotic cell?
eukaryotic cells have there genetic information enclosed in there membrane
what is prokaryotic cell
cells that have lost their genetic information in the cytoplasm- it is not enclosed in a nucleus
examples of eukaryotes
- animal cells
- plant cells
- fungi
what is a plasmid?
a small ring of a plasmid
what is the use of myelin sheath?
insulation
what is the use of synapses?
they pass signals to the other nerves using chemicals called nureotransmitter
what is the use of the axon?
axons carries the nerve impulse from one place to another
what is the use of dendrites?
they help make connections to other cells
why does sperm have a long tale?
it allows the sperm cell to swim and move side to side
what does the acrosome store
stores digestive enzymes
what is the nucleus
they contain genetic information
name 3 adaptations of a root hair cell
- many mitochondria release energy from aerobic respiration for active transport
- vacuole (made up of cell sap)speeds up the osmosis of water into the cells
- greatly increased surface area: volume ratio for water to move into cells
what does the xylem transport
water molecules and minerals ions
what does phloem transport
dissolved sugarss
what is diffusion
the passive net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
what is a state of equilibrium
this is when the number of particles on each side is the same
what is net movement?
the overall movement of particles moving in and out
what is osmosis
the passive net movement of particles of water particles across a partially permeable down a concentration
what is isotonic
isotonic is when the concentration is the same inside and outside the cell
what is hypertonic
when the concentration of cell is higher inside the cell than outside
what is hypotonic
hypotonic is when the concentration is higher outside the cell than inside
what is active transport?
active transport is the movement of particles against the concentration gradient requiring energy released by respiration from mitochondria
what is cystic fibrosis?
this is when there is a build-up of mucus in your lungs , your gut, and reproductive system caused by active transport not working in your mucus cells
what happens to the organism as it gets bigger
its sa;v gets bigger
What does it mean for an organism to be ‘multicellular?
A ‘multicellular’ organisms consists of multiple cells.
What does differentiation mean?
Differentiation is the process by which cells become specialised. It can involve the cell changing shape, changing size, and changing the combination of organelles it contains.
Osmosis refers to the movement of which molecules?
Water
What is an exchange surface?
A part of an organism over which substances are exchanged with the environment.
Rearrange the magnification equation to make image size the subject.
image size = object size × magnification
