Cell structure and organisation

Question 1

With references to nucleus, ribosomers and nucelar pore describe the sequence of events lead to production of digestive enzymes in this cell (3)

Answer 1

• nucleus - contain Dna codes for the production of proteins
• nuclear pores - allow mRNA to leave the nucleus
• ribosomes = carry out translation/protein synthesis

Question 2

With references of golgi body. lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum describe sequence of events that lead to the secretion of digestive enzymes from this cell (3)

Answer 2

• rough endoplasmic reticulum - tranport proteins through the cell/ golgi body
• golgi body - packaging of protein
• vesicle - transport proteins to the cell membrane

Question 3

Explain the role of mitochondria in the production and secretion of digestive enzymes (2)

Answer 3

• provide ATP - for transcription/translation/protein synthesis
• exocytosis

Question 4

Describe the general function of lysosomes in normal cells (1)

Answer 4

contain digestive enzymes / break down organelles/ debris

Question 5

Where is cubodial epithelium found (1)

Answer 5

• kidney tubule
• liver
• named gland
• ureter
• ovary

Question 6

Describe where cilliated epithelium is found (1)

Answer 6

• trachea / oviduct/ fallopian tube/ bronchi/brochioles

Question 7

What is the function of the nucleus (1)

Answer 7

• contains DNA which codes for proteinsynthesis

Question 8

What is the function of the nuclear pores (1)

Answer 8

• transport of mRNA

Question 9

What is the function of the nucleolus (1)

Answer 9

produces rRNA/ribsomes /tRNA

Question 10

Describe the difference except pores with the membranes surrounding mitochondria and nucleus (1)

Answer 10

• inner membrane folded in mitochondria whereas in nucleus no folding
• no riboomes attatched in mitochondria whereas in nucleus ribosomes attatched

Question 11

Describe two differences between ribosomes found in animal cells whereas those found in prokaryotic cells (2)

Answer 11

• ribosomes are not attatched to ER in prokaryotes and some are in animal cell
• ribosomes are 80s in animal cells whereas in prokaryotes 70s

Question 12

Name a tissue that contains a large amount of mitochondria (1)

Answer 12

• liver
• mucle
• nervous tissue
• meristem

Question 13

Describe the function of the nucleolus (1)

Answer 13

• synthesis of ribosome

Question 14

State two structures found in prokaryotic cells are also found in mitochondria (2)

Answer 14

• DNA
• (70s) ribosomes
• posess plasma membranes

Question 15

Describe why mitochondria may look different in cells (1)

Answer 15

cut in a different plane

Question 16

Describe two differenced between mitochondria and porkayotic cells (2)

Answer 16

mitochondria:
* have a double membrane
* no cell wall
* no capsule
* no flagellum
* no mesosome
* no plasmids

Question 17

Describe the structure and function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (2)

Answer 17

• site of protein synthesis
• polypeptide chains build up at ribosomes
• trnasports polypeptides
• ribosomes read genetic code

Question 18

Describe the structure and function of the golgi body (2)

Answer 18

• F buds off vesicles/ packages proteins in vesicles
• these contain molecules for secretion
• transport protein molecules to the cell membrane
• synthesis of glycoproteins / modificaiton of proteins

Question 19

Describe why some cells need large amounts of mitochondria (2)

Answer 19

• secretory cell incolved in active processes
• ATP dependents
• ATP manufactures by mitochondria
• hormone synthesis requires ATP

Question 20

Explain why liver cells have large number of these organeles present (2)

Answer 20

• metabolically active
• large amount fo ATP produced