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Biology AS > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Structure + Function of Cell surface membrane

A

Made up of a phospholipid bilayer and a protein and is partially permeable and it controls the entry + exit of substances

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2
Q

Structure + Function of the Nucleus

A

Contains chromosomes with one or more nucleoli and nuclear pores. It controls the cell activities. The nucleolus produces ribosomes and nuclear pores control the movement of substances

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3
Q

Structure + Function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (S.E.R + R.E.R)

A

The R.E.R is the network of membranes covered in ribosomes and transports proteins around the cell whilst the S.E.R is a network of membranes which makes and transports lipids

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4
Q

Structure + Function of Ribosomes

A

No membrane + made up of RNA + Proteins and is in charge of protein synthesis

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5
Q

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells dont

A
  • Chloroplasts- Permanent vacuole - Cellulose cell wall
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6
Q

What are fungi like?

A
  • No chloroplasts- Cell wall made of chitin
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7
Q

What name is given to the green substance within chloroplasts?

A

Chlorophyll

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8
Q

How many membranes surround a chloroplast?

A

2

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9
Q

In which organelle would you find a thylakoid membrane and lamella?

A

Chloroplast

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10
Q

What is the function of lamellae within chloroplasts?

A

Links the grana together

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11
Q

Which organelles are not found in animal cells?

A
  • Chloroplasts - Vacuoles - Cell wall- Plasmids
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12
Q

The structure that is partially permeable is…

A

Cell membrane

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13
Q

In which part of a cell does aerobic respiration occur?

A

Mitochondria

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14
Q

The genetic material present in HIV is

A

Single stranded RNA

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15
Q

What is the golgi apparatus?

A
  • A group of fluid filled sacs- Modifies and packages proteins and lipids- Puts them into vesicles for transport - Makes lysosomes
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16
Q

What is the function of a lysosome?

A
  • Contains digestive enzymes (Lysozomal enzymes/ lysozomes)- Digestive enzymes used to hydrolyse pathogens and old cell organelles
17
Q

What is the structure of a mitochondria?

A
  • Outer membrane- Folded inner membrane (cristae)- Inner matrix
18
Q

What is the structure of a chloroplast?

A
  • Double membrane- Starch grains- Stroma- Thylakoids- Grana (stacks of thylakoids)- Lamellae (joins grana together)
19
Q

What is the function of a chloroplast?

A
  • Site of photosynthesis- Contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy
20
Q

What is the structure of a cell wall?

A
  • Strong- Plants/algae: cellulose- Fungi: chitin- Bacteria: meurin
21
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A
  • Prevents cell from changing shape or bursting
22
Q

What is the function of a vacuole?

A

Keeps cells turgid

23
Q

What is the structure + function of a ribosome?

A
  • Very small
  • Makes proteins
  • Made of proteins and RNA
  • Often attached to R.E.R
24
Q

What organelles can be found in prokaryotes?

A
  • Loop of DNA- Cytoplasm- Small ribosomes- Cell membrane- Cell wall- Capsule- Flagella- Plasmids
25
Q

Give the structure and function of the cell wall in a prokaryote?

A

Used for strength and support and in bacteria is made from murin (a glycoprotein)

26
Q

Give the structure and function of the flagella in a prokaryote?

A

Used for movement by rotating

27
Q

What do viruses have?

A
  • Genetic material (RNA or DNA)- A capsid- Attachment proteins
28
Q

What type of cells are viruses and why?

A

They are acellular because they have no cell

29
Q

Are viruses alive?

A

No

30
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

They attach onto a hosts receptor proteins with their complementary receptor proteins and inject their genetic material which hijacks the hosts cell and the viruses uses the hosts cells organelles to reproduce more viruses

Biology AS (24 decks)

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