Cell Structure Flashcards
Structure + Function of Cell surface membrane
Made up of a phospholipid bilayer and a protein and is partially permeable and it controls the entry + exit of substances
Structure + Function of the Nucleus
Contains chromosomes with one or more nucleoli and nuclear pores. It controls the cell activities. The nucleolus produces ribosomes and nuclear pores control the movement of substances
Structure + Function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (S.E.R + R.E.R)
The R.E.R is the network of membranes covered in ribosomes and transports proteins around the cell whilst the S.E.R is a network of membranes which makes and transports lipids
Structure + Function of Ribosomes
No membrane + made up of RNA + Proteins and is in charge of protein synthesis
What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells dont
- Chloroplasts- Permanent vacuole - Cellulose cell wall
What are fungi like?
- No chloroplasts- Cell wall made of chitin
What name is given to the green substance within chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll
How many membranes surround a chloroplast?
2
In which organelle would you find a thylakoid membrane and lamella?
Chloroplast
What is the function of lamellae within chloroplasts?
Links the grana together
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
- Chloroplasts - Vacuoles - Cell wall- Plasmids
The structure that is partially permeable is…
Cell membrane
In which part of a cell does aerobic respiration occur?
Mitochondria
The genetic material present in HIV is
Single stranded RNA
What is the golgi apparatus?
- A group of fluid filled sacs- Modifies and packages proteins and lipids- Puts them into vesicles for transport - Makes lysosomes
What is the function of a lysosome?
- Contains digestive enzymes (Lysozomal enzymes/ lysozomes)- Digestive enzymes used to hydrolyse pathogens and old cell organelles
What is the structure of a mitochondria?
- Outer membrane- Folded inner membrane (cristae)- Inner matrix
What is the structure of a chloroplast?
- Double membrane- Starch grains- Stroma- Thylakoids- Grana (stacks of thylakoids)- Lamellae (joins grana together)
What is the function of a chloroplast?
- Site of photosynthesis- Contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy
What is the structure of a cell wall?
- Strong- Plants/algae: cellulose- Fungi: chitin- Bacteria: meurin
What is the function of a cell wall?
- Prevents cell from changing shape or bursting
What is the function of a vacuole?
Keeps cells turgid
What is the structure + function of a ribosome?
- Very small
- Makes proteins
- Made of proteins and RNA
- Often attached to R.E.R
What organelles can be found in prokaryotes?
- Loop of DNA- Cytoplasm- Small ribosomes- Cell membrane- Cell wall- Capsule- Flagella- Plasmids
Give the structure and function of the cell wall in a prokaryote?
Used for strength and support and in bacteria is made from murin (a glycoprotein)
Give the structure and function of the flagella in a prokaryote?
Used for movement by rotating
What do viruses have?
- Genetic material (RNA or DNA)- A capsid- Attachment proteins
What type of cells are viruses and why?
They are acellular because they have no cell
Are viruses alive?
No
How do viruses reproduce?
They attach onto a hosts receptor proteins with their complementary receptor proteins and inject their genetic material which hijacks the hosts cell and the viruses uses the hosts cells organelles to reproduce more viruses
