Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are Monosaccharides and state examples
They are sugars and are monomers that can form larger carbohydrates
Glucose, fructose, Galactose
What is the test for reducing sugars
Heat with Benedict’s Solution, a Brick Red Precipitate will form if present. It will remain Blue if not present
What is the difference between Alpha + Beta Glucose
The difference between them is the placement of the hydroxyl group from Carbon 1
What are disaccharides?
They are 2 monosaccharides joined together with a glycosidic bond joining them together
What is Maltose made up of?
2 Alpha Glucose
What is sucrose made up of?
Glucose + Fructose
What is Lactose made up of?
Glucose + Galactose
What is the test for Non - Reducing Sugars
Heat with Benedict’s reagent, if nothing occurs then boil with hydrochloric acid and then add sodium hydrogen carbonate. Once done, do the Benedict’s test normally and a change to brick red should be observed
What are Polysaccharides?
They are many monosaccarides joined together w/ glycosidic bonds but aren’t sugars as they are insoluble in water
What is Starch?
Storage compound in plant cells, composed of alpha glucose
What is Cellulose?
Component of plant cell walls, composed of beta glucose
What is Glycogen?
Storage compound in animal cells, composed of alpha glucose
Test for Starch
Add iodine solution to the sample. A blue/black colour indicates starch is present
Explain the structure + properties of Starch
Polymer of Alpha glucose
2 Chains, ‘Straight’ = Amylose, ‘Branched’ = Amylopectin
Can coil making it compact (More in a less given volume)
Insoluble - Doesn’t affect water potential
Held by hydrogen bonds (for shape)
Explain the structure + properties of Glycogen
Polymer of Alpha glucose
Chains are highly branched
The storage compound is located in the branched ends
Energy store in animals/bacteria
Lots of branched ends = rapidly broken down
