Cell Structure

Question 1

What is a Nucleus’s purpose?

Answer 1

Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

Question 2

What is the purpose of Mitochondria?

Answer 2

The location of where most aerobic respiration reactions take place, transfers energy that the cell needs to work

Question 3

What is the purpose of Cytoplasm?

Answer 3

A gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen.

Question 4

What is the purpose of the Cell Membrane?

Answer 4

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 5

What is the purpose of the Ribosomes?

Answer 5

Where the proteins are made in the cell

Question 6

What three sub cellular structures do plants cells have that animal plants cells don’t?

Answer 6

Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast

Question 7

What is cell wall made of and what is its purpose?

Answer 7

Made of cellulose. It support the cell and strengthens it

Question 8

What is the purpose of chloroplasts?

Answer 8

It’s where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. The contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which absorbs the necessary light need for photosynthesis

Question 9

What is the purpose of a permanent vacuole?

Answer 9

Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 10

What are prokaryotes and name an example:

Answer 10

A simple cell that does not have a nucleus – the DNA is free in the cytoplasm.

Question 11

What is the formula for magnification?

Answer 11

magnification = image size / real size

Question 12

How do you prepare a slide? (5 steps) (For an onion)

Answer 12

1) Add a drop of water to the middle of a clean slide
2) Cut up a onion and separate it out into layers. Use tweezers to peel off some epidermal tissue from the bottom of one of the layers
3) Using tweezers, place the epidermal tissue into the water on the slide
4) Add a drop of iodine solution.
5) Place a cover slip on top. Ensure that it covers the specimen and that there aren’t any air bubbles

Question 13

How do you look at a slide with a light microscope? (6 steps)

Answer 13

1) Clip the slide you’ve prepared onto the stage
2) Select the lowest-powered objective lens
3) Use the coarse adjustment knob to move the stage up to just below the objective lens
4) Look down the eyepiece and adjust until the image is roughly in focus
5) Adjust the focus with the fine adjustment knob until you get a clear image of what’s on the slide
6) If you need to see the slide with greater magnification, swap to a higher-powered objective lens

Question 14

What is differentiation?

Answer 14

Differentiation is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 15

What is Eukaryotes?

Answer 15

Are cells that have a nucleus, includes animal and plant cells

Question 16

How are Sperm Cells specialised for reproduction?

Answer 16

• Have a long tail and streamlined head to help it swim
• Many mitochondria in the cells to provide the energy needed.
• Carries enzymes in head to digest egg cell membrane

Question 17

How are muscle cells specialised for Contraction?

Answer 17

Cells are long (space to contract) and contain lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed for contraction.

Question 18

How are root hair cells adapted to absorbing water?

Answer 18

Have a large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions.