Cell Structure

Question 1

What are the three main parts of a cell?

Answer 1

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.

Question 2

What are organelles?

Answer 2

additional structures within a cell that carry out metabolic life function

Question 3

How are organelles compared to organs?

Answer 3

Organelles are often compared to the organs that sustain the functioning of our bodies.

Question 4

What makes the plasma membrane?

Answer 4

phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins.

Question 5

What is required to understand the hierarchy of structures and functions within the human body?

Answer 5

A general knowledge of cell parts and their functions, and the ability to explain and differentiate between mitosis and meiosis is required.

Question 6

What resources are available for learning about cell structure and function?

Answer 6

Resources include print textbooks, online content and quizzes, and free online textbooks.

Question 7

What is the structure of the plasma membrane?

Answer 7

phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins.

Question 8

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 8

semifluid substance inside the membrane that contains the organelles.

Question 9

What is the nucleus?

Answer 9

most prominent organelle in the cell, and contains genetic material in the form of DNA.

Question 10

Why is the nucleus referred to as the control center of the cell?

Answer 10

The nucleus encodes for all the proteins necessary for the cell and the organism to carry out its life functions.

Question 11

What happens during cell division?

Answer 11

the DNA is replicated in its entirety

Question 12

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

flattened sacs covered with ribosomes.

Question 13

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 13

synthesis of the protein

Question 14

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 14

has no ribosomes and lipid production and storage.

Question 15

What happens to proteins made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 15

packaged into vesicles and transported to the Golgi

Question 16

What is the Golgi complex’s role?

Answer 16

modifies, packages, and transports proteins to where they are needed

Question 17

What are lysosomes?

Answer 17

vesicles of digestive enzymes

Question 18

How do cells create usable energy?

Answer 18

For a cell to complete cellular processes, it must create usable cellular energy from the energy stored in nutrients.

Question 19

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 19

Mitochondria change food energy into usable cellular energy via cellular respiration.

The usable cell energy is adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 20

What is the process of mitosis?

Answer 20

Mitosis is the process where one cell reproduces into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 21

What occurs during interphase in mitosis?

Answer 21

During interphase, DNA replicates.

Question 22

What happens in prophase of mitosis?

Answer 22

In prophase, chromosomes condense, and visible chromosomes appear.

Question 23

What occurs during metaphase in mitosis?

Answer 23

During metaphase, chromosomes align.

Question 24

What happens in anaphase of mitosis?

Answer 24

In anaphase, chromosomes are pulled apart to the poles, and cell division begins.

Question 25

What occurs during telophase in mitosis?

Answer 25

During telophase, two nuclei form, and daughter cells separate.

Question 26

What occurs during Anaphase?

Answer 26

Chromosomes are pulled apart to the poles. Cell division begins.

Question 27

What happens during Telophase?

Answer 27

Two nuclei form. Daughter cells separate.

Question 28

What is the process of meiosis?

Answer 28

The nucleus of a germ cell divides, and then each part divides again, producing four gametes, or sex cells.

Question 29

What is unique about the genetic information in gametes?

Answer 29

Each sex cell has half the genetic information of the original germ cell and supplies half the genetic information for sexual reproduction.

Question 30

What occurs during Interphase?

Answer 30

DNA replicates.

Question 31

What occurs during Interphase?

Answer 31

DNA replicates.

Question 32

What happens in Prophase I of Meiosis I?

Answer 32

Homologous chromosomes pair.

Question 33

What occurs during Metaphase I of Meiosis I?

Answer 33

Homologous chromosomes align.

Question 34

What happens in Anaphase I of Meiosis I?

Answer 34

Homologous chromosomes pull to opposite ends of the cell.

Question 35

What occurs during Telophase I of Meiosis I?

Answer 35

Nuclear membranes form as the cell separates into two.

Question 36

What happens in Prophase II of Meiosis II?

Answer 36

Daughter cells contain half the chromosomes of the original cell.

Question 37

What occurs during Metaphase II of Meiosis II?

Answer 37

Chromosomes align.

Question 38

What happens in Anaphase II of Meiosis II?

Answer 38

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cells.

Question 39

What occurs during Telophase II of Meiosis II?

Answer 39

Nuclear membranes form as the two cells separate into four haploid daughter cells.

Question 40

What are tissues?

Answer 40

Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a shared function are classified as tissues.

Question 41

What are the four basic types of tissues?

Answer 41

1. Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and serves as a protective barrier (e.g., skin). 2. Connective tissue connects other tissues to each other and serves to bind and support body parts. 3. Muscle tissue moves the body and its contents by contraction. 4. Nervous tissue receives stimuli from the internal or external environment and communicates through electrical impulses with the rest of the body.

Question 42

How are tissues organized?

Answer 42

Tissues are organized into organs, which consist of two or more different tissues and have a specific shape and function.

Question 43

What is an example of an organ made up of all four tissue types?

Answer 43

Skin is an organ on the outside of the body that is made up of all four tissue types, and its main function is that it acts as a protective barrier.

Question 44

What is an example of an internal organ?

Answer 44

The kidney is an internal organ with a definite shape and function.

Question 45

What are organs?

Answer 45

Organs are structures made up of two or more different tissues that have a specific shape and function.

Question 46

What is an example of an external organ?

Answer 46

Skin is an external organ made up of all four tissue types, primarily functioning as a protective barrier.

Question 47

What is the main function of the kidney?

Answer 47

The kidney recycles nutrients and filters wastes from the blood.

Question 48

What is an organ system?

Answer 48

An organ system is a group of related organs that work together to perform a common multifaceted function.

Question 49

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 49

The digestive system breaks down and processes food, eliminating solid waste.

Question 50

Which organs are involved in the digestive system?

Answer 50

The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas.

Question 51

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 51

The respiratory system exchanges CO2 for O2.

Question 52

Which organs are involved in the respiratory system?

Answer 52

The respiratory system includes the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm.

Question 53

How do organ systems maintain homeostasis?

Answer 53

Organ systems work together in a harmonized fashion to maintain homeostasis in the human organism.