Cell Structure

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Cell’s organelle that contains chromosomes and controls the activities of a cell

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Jellylike material that makes up most of the cell

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

Thin surface layer around the cytoplasm of a cell. Forms a partially permeable barrier between the cell’s contents and outside of the cell

Question 4

Cell wall

Answer 4

Non-living layer outside of cell membrane of certain types of cell. Made of cellulose, chitin or peptidoglycon

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Organelle that carries out aerobic respiration, releasing energy for the cell. Place where most of the cell’s ATP is made

Question 6

Chloroplasts

Answer 6

Organelle found in some plant cells. The site of the reactions of photosynthesis

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Tiny structures in the cytoplasm, the site of protein synthesis

Question 8

Vacuole

Answer 8

Membrane-bound space in a plant cell, filled with a solution of sugars and salt called cell sap

Question 9

What is the process of cell specialisation called?

Answer 9

Differentiation

Question 10

Advantages of stem cells in medicine

Answer 10

• Potential to treat a wide variety of diseases
• Organs developed from a patient’s own stem cells reduces the risk of rejection
• Ability to test potential drugs without the use of humans or animals

Question 11

Disadvantages of stem cells in medicine

Answer 11

• Cultured stem cells could become infected which would then be transmitted to the patient
• Low number of stem cell donors
• Risk of cell mutations causing cancer
• Ethical issues in using embryonic stem cells and destroying embryos
• Social issues with cost of treatment