Cell Respiratation Flashcards
What is metabolism
The sum of all chemical reaction in the body
What is cellular respiration
The process of converting food energy into a form of energy by cells (ATP). Cell respiration primarily takesplace in the mitochondria.
Equation of Cellular Respiration (aerobic)
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
What is aerobic cell respiration
Cell respiration which requires oxygen. Glucose is completely converted to CO2 and water. This occurs in animal cells under normal conditions. it produces 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule.
What is anaerobic respiration
Cell respiration WITHOUT oxygen. Products other than CO2 and water may be produced. This occurs in muscle cells during strenuous exercise. fatigue, or in a number of simple organisms (yeast/bacteria. There are two types.
What are the two types of anaerobic respiration
Alcohol fermentation (yeasts) and Lactic Acid Fermentation (muscle).
Alcohol fermentation equation
C6H12O6 -> 2ATP + pyruvate -> ethanol + CO2
Lactic acid fermentation equation
C6H12O6 -> 2ATP + pyruvate -> lactic acid
What is ATP? What exactly does it do
Short for “adenosine triphosphate”, ATP is a nucleotide consisting of a group called adenosine and three phosphate groups. As you have seen, ATP undergoes a chemical reaction that results in the RELEASE OF ENERGY. This reaction produces three things: a molecule called ADP (adenosine diphosphate), a free phosphate group, and a burst of energy that cells can use right away
What are processes that require ATP
-active transport of ions and molecules across cell membrane
-moving chromosomes during division of the cell nucleus
-causing muscle cells to contract
-synthesizing macromolecules
What are the 4 steps of cell respiration (aerobic), what happens at each one
1: Glycosis - each molecule of glucose is converted to pyruvate. occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. the only step that occurs in anaerobic respiration. Produces 2 ATP
2: Prep - The conversion of each Pyruvate into a 2-carbon molecule called acetylCO-A. Carbon dioxide is released as a by-product. Occurs in the cytoplasm
3: The krebs cycle is a series oof reactions in which acetyl CO-A, is converted into a sequence of carbon compounds. ASs it does it produces a 2 ATP along with a series of energy-carrying molecules. Carbon dioxide is released as a byproduct during the krebs cycle. This occurs in the MATRIX OF THE MITOCHONDRIA
4: Oxidative Phosphorylation - the energy carrying molecules pass electrons to an electron transport chain in the mitochondrial membrane. Oxygen is the last electron acceptor in the chain. As electrons are passed from one carrier in the chain to the next, energy is released. This energy is harnessed to make ATP. WITHOUT OXYGEN TO CARRY OFF THE LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS, PRODUCED BY THE END OF THE CHAIN, CELL RESPIRATION WILL COME TO A STOP. the electrons (along with excess hydrogens) that are picked up at the end of the chain by oxygen molecules form water as a byproduct. Produces 32-34 ATP
All of these reactions are controlled by enzymes.
