cell quiz

Question 1

surrounds all cells in the body, however it is not in cells. Made of electrolytes

Answer 1

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 2

clear and colorless fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates. Indicates infections, delivers nutrients to the brain, protects against infection.

Answer 2

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 3

a dynamic gel in the cytoplasm of a cell. This may change from fluid (sol) to elastic (gel) then back again to being fluid. It is required for healing and gives support.

Answer 3

Cell matrix

Question 4

acts as a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults and more importantly, enables multiple cellular processes to occur in subcellular components

Answer 4

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 5

channel or transport molecules across a membrane

Answer 5

Proteins

Question 6

attached to the SURFACE of the bimolecular lipid layer, attach to integral membrane proteins or penetrate the peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer.

Answer 6

Peripheral proteins

Question 7

integrated INTO the lipid bilayer in whole or part

Answer 7

Integral proteins

Question 8

a dense, gel-like meshwork that surrounds the cell, constituting a physical barrier for any object to enter the cell. This is an identifier, anchor, and receptor for the cell.

Answer 8

Glycocalyx

Question 9

a compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues. It is an important constituent of cell membranes and precursors of other steroid compounds. Found in all of the cells in the body, and gives flexibility

Answer 9

Cholesterol

Question 10

requires no energy, moving from high to low concentration

Answer 10

Passive transport

Question 11

requires energy, moving from low to high concentration

Answer 11

Active transport

Question 12

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Example: odors in the air.

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

a type of PASSIVE transport that uses specialized proteins such as channel proteins and carrier proteins to help molecules move across a cell membrane. Example: amino acid transport

Answer 13

facilitated diffusion

Question 14

a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus EQUALIZING the concentrations on each side of the membrane

Answer 14

Osmosis

Question 15

any external solution that has a high solute concentration and low water concentration compared to body fluids.

Answer 15

Hypertonic osmosis

Question 16

Tonic = ?

Answer 16

particles

Question 17

a hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration compared to intracellular solute concentration. Lower outside, higher inside

Answer 17

Hypotonic osmosis

Question 18

water molecules diffuse in and out of the cell at the same rate by the process of osmosis.

Answer 18

Isotonic osmosis

Question 19

dudes follow chicks

Answer 19

chicks=solute
dudes=water

Question 20

transport that requires energy, moves from low to high concentration, moves both in and out of the cell

Answer 20

Active transport

Question 21

transporting an object into the cell

Answer 21

Endocytosis

Question 22

a process by which liquid droplets are ingested by living cells (endocytosis)

Answer 22

Pinocytosis

Question 23

large particles are ingested through phagosomes. (endocytosis)

Answer 23

Phagocytosis

Question 24

transporting an object out of the cell, cell identifiers, tell us if our cell is ours or not. (mom putting tags on items so they dont get taken), distinguishes our cell tower from another, and helps with communication in the body (organ transplant)

Answer 24

Exocytosis

Question 25

receives a signal located inside the cell of on the surface, a chemical signal where a protein-ligand binds a protein receptor.

Answer 25

Protein receptors

Question 26

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

Answer 26

Cytoplasm

Question 27

powerhouse of the cell

Answer 27

mitochondria

Question 28

an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell

Answer 28

ribosomes

Question 29

series of connected flattened sacs, part of a continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins

Answer 29

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

a part of (or a region in the) endoplasmic reticulum that is tubular and lacks ribosomes

Answer 30

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 31

a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.

Answer 31

golgi apparatus

Question 32

small, membrane-enclosed organelles that contain enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic reactions, including several aspects of energy metabolism

Answer 32

peroxisomes

Question 33

an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.

Answer 33

lysosomes

Question 34

a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.

Answer 34

cytoskeleton

Question 35

a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.

Answer 35

centrioles

Question 36

a cellular structure involved in the process of cell division

Answer 36

centrosome

Question 37

a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim.

Answer 37

flagella

Question 38

a short microscopic hairlike vibrating structure found in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion.

Answer 38

cilia

Question 39

finger-shaped plasma membrane protrusions that are found at the surface of a large variety of cell types but are most numerous and elaborated on simple epithelial

Answer 39

microvilli

Question 40

the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes

Answer 40

nucleus

Question 41

a highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 41

nuclear envelope

Question 42

a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Answer 42

nuclear pores

Question 43

a spherical structure found in the cell’s nucleus whose primary function is to produce and assemble the cell’s ribosomes

Answer 43

nucleolus

Question 44

a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms

Answer 44

chromatin