cell quiz Flashcards
surrounds all cells in the body, however it is not in cells. Made of electrolytes
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
clear and colorless fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates. Indicates infections, delivers nutrients to the brain, protects against infection.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
a dynamic gel in the cytoplasm of a cell. This may change from fluid (sol) to elastic (gel) then back again to being fluid. It is required for healing and gives support.
Cell matrix
acts as a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults and more importantly, enables multiple cellular processes to occur in subcellular components
Phospholipid bilayer
channel or transport molecules across a membrane
Proteins
attached to the SURFACE of the bimolecular lipid layer, attach to integral membrane proteins or penetrate the peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer.
Peripheral proteins
integrated INTO the lipid bilayer in whole or part
Integral proteins
a dense, gel-like meshwork that surrounds the cell, constituting a physical barrier for any object to enter the cell. This is an identifier, anchor, and receptor for the cell.
Glycocalyx
a compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues. It is an important constituent of cell membranes and precursors of other steroid compounds. Found in all of the cells in the body, and gives flexibility
Cholesterol
requires no energy, moving from high to low concentration
Passive transport
requires energy, moving from low to high concentration
Active transport
the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Example: odors in the air.
Diffusion
a type of PASSIVE transport that uses specialized proteins such as channel proteins and carrier proteins to help molecules move across a cell membrane. Example: amino acid transport
facilitated diffusion
a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus EQUALIZING the concentrations on each side of the membrane
Osmosis
any external solution that has a high solute concentration and low water concentration compared to body fluids.
Hypertonic osmosis
Tonic = ?
particles
a hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration compared to intracellular solute concentration. Lower outside, higher inside
Hypotonic osmosis
water molecules diffuse in and out of the cell at the same rate by the process of osmosis.
Isotonic osmosis
dudes follow chicks
chicks=solute
dudes=water
transport that requires energy, moves from low to high concentration, moves both in and out of the cell
Active transport
transporting an object into the cell
Endocytosis
a process by which liquid droplets are ingested by living cells (endocytosis)
Pinocytosis
large particles are ingested through phagosomes. (endocytosis)
Phagocytosis
transporting an object out of the cell, cell identifiers, tell us if our cell is ours or not. (mom putting tags on items so they dont get taken), distinguishes our cell tower from another, and helps with communication in the body (organ transplant)
Exocytosis
receives a signal located inside the cell of on the surface, a chemical signal where a protein-ligand binds a protein receptor.
Protein receptors
the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.
Cytoplasm
powerhouse of the cell
mitochondria
an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell
ribosomes
series of connected flattened sacs, part of a continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins
rough endoplasmic reticulum
a part of (or a region in the) endoplasmic reticulum that is tubular and lacks ribosomes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
golgi apparatus
small, membrane-enclosed organelles that contain enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic reactions, including several aspects of energy metabolism
peroxisomes
an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
lysosomes
a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.
cytoskeleton
a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
centrioles
a cellular structure involved in the process of cell division
centrosome
a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim.
flagella
a short microscopic hairlike vibrating structure found in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion.
cilia
finger-shaped plasma membrane protrusions that are found at the surface of a large variety of cell types but are most numerous and elaborated on simple epithelial
microvilli
the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes
nucleus
a highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
nuclear envelope
a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
nuclear pores
a spherical structure found in the cell’s nucleus whose primary function is to produce and assemble the cell’s ribosomes
nucleolus
a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms
chromatin
