Cell Metabolism 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The five main classes of lipids

A

Free fatty acids Triacyglycerols Phospholipids Glycolipids Steroids

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2
Q

What are the fatty acid storage

A

Triacylglycerols

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3
Q

Source of fats

A

Diet Liver Adipose - storage depots

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4
Q

Where are bile salts generated

A

Liver and stored in gallbladder From cholestrol

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5
Q

How to bile salts solubilise fats

A

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic sides

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6
Q

What is steatorrhea

A

Fatty stool

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7
Q

What is orlistat

A

Inhibitor of gastric and pancreatic lipase Reduce of fat absorptions

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8
Q

How are lipids transported

A
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9
Q

How are the fat digested products absorbed

A

By enterocytes

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10
Q

How are chylomicrons transported

A

Via the lymphatics and into the bloodstream

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11
Q

What is lipoprotein lipase’s job

A

Lines adipose, heart and skeletal muscle

Undergo B-oxidation

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12
Q

What is the life cycle of microns

A
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13
Q

What is the reaction for a cholesterol ester

A

Make it pack even more tightly in the hydrophobic core

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14
Q

Life cycle of liver sysnthesis lipids

A
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15
Q

What is HDL function

A

Take cholestrol from peripheral tissues to liver for use in bile salt or disposal

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16
Q

What is the function of LDLs

A

They lead to atherosclerosis

17
Q

Summary of lipoprotein transport pathways

A
18
Q

Reaction of B oxidation from fatty acid to acyl CoA

A
19
Q

What is the carnitine shuttle used for

A

Transport acyl CoA into the matrix

20
Q

Diagram of the carnitine shuttle

A
21
Q

What is primary carnitine deficiency

A

Autosomal recessive

Weakness, hypoglycaemia, cardiomypathies

Mutation SLC22A5 which encodes a carnitine transporter

22
Q

Diagram of the B oxidation cycle

A
23
Q

When is ketone bodies formed

A

Low glucose

24
Q

Ketone body formation

A
25
Q

What is lipogenesis

A

Fatty acid biosynthesis

26
Q

What are the enzymes responsible for fatty acid biosynthesis

A

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

Fatty acid synthase

27
Q

Diagram of fatty acid synthesis

A
28
Q

Difference between fatty acid degradation and fatty acid synthesis

A

Carriers: ACP vs CoA

Reducing power: FAD/NAD+ v NADPH

Locations: Mitochondrial matric vs cytoplasm

29
Q

Summary of lipogenesis

A

If you need to make fatty acid longer than 16, it happens in mitochondria and ER

Desaturation of fatty acids requires fatty acyl-CoA desaturases

30
Q

Where is FA synthesis normally

A

Liver, adipose, tissue

31
Q

Can FA synthesis occur in cancer cells

A

Yes

32
Q

Disorder of B oxidation

A

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

Short chain (<6) medium chain (6-12) long chain (13-21)

Medium chain acyl coA dehydrogenase

Autosomal recessive

Should never go without food for long

high carbohydrate diet

May need glucose

Life threatening if unmanaged

33
Q
A