Cell Met 1

Question 1

6 types of reaction that define metabolism

Answer 1

Oxidation reduction
Ligation
Isomerisation
Group transfer
Hydrolytic
Addition or removal of functional griups

Question 2

Location of glycolysis

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

First 5 steps of glycolysis

Answer 3

Glucose converted to glucose 6 phosphate via hexokinase
Converted to fructose 6 phosphate via phosphoglucose isomerase
Converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate via phosphofructokinase

Question 4

TPI deficiency

Answer 4

Reduces glycolysis efficiency as conversion of dihydroxyacetonephosphate to glyceraldehyde3phosphate is impaired

Question 5

Second half of glycolysis (NADH generating)

Answer 5

Glyceraldehyde3phosphate converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate via GAP dehydrogenase

1,3-bisphosphyglycerate → 3-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate kinase

phosphoenolpyruvate → pyruvate by pyruvate kinase

Question 6

Net result of glycolysis

Answer 6

2ATP 2NADH 2PYRUVATE

Question 7

Overall glycolysis equation

Answer 7

Glucose+2NAD=2ATP+2NADH+2PYRUVATE

Question 8

Fates of pyruvate

Answer 8

• Alcohol fermentation
• Generation of lactate
• Conversion to Acetyl CoA

Question 9

Anaerobic

Answer 9

Pyruvate converted to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase making NAD+
Pyruvate converted to acetaldehyde.Comverted to ethanol via alcohol dehydrogenase making NAD+

Question 10

Aerobic

Answer 10

Pyruvate +CoA makes Acetyl coA and co2 via Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex making NAD+

Question 11

Thiamine deficiency

Answer 11

Thiamine (derivative of vitamin B1) is a cofactor of the PDH complex

B1 deficiency can lead to Beri-Beri, this can cause peripheral nervous damage and muscle weakness

Question 12

Creatine buffer

Answer 12

CP stored in muscles to buffer demand for phosphate for ATP production
Creatine phosphate catalyzed by Creatine kinase makes Creatine and ATP

Question 13

Pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 13

Used to make NADPH and ribose 5 phosphate
Glucose 6 phosphate +12NAD+ +7O2= 6CO2 +12NADPH+12H+ + pi

Question 14

NADPH use

Answer 14

Provides reducing power to maintain reduced glutathione

Question 15

Beri beri cause

Answer 15

Impaired dehydrogenation of pyruvate

Question 16

What is the function of lactate dehydrogenase.

Answer 16

Catalyses the reduction of Pyruvate making NAD+

Question 17

What is the rate limiting step of glycolysis

Answer 17

Conversion of fructose 6 phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate catalyzed by phosphofruktokinase
High level of ATP reduces enzymes activity

Question 18

What is thiamine pyrophosphate a cofactor of

Answer 18

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Deficiency causes beri beri