Cell injury 3 (pictures) Flashcards
What stage of necrosis is this?
pyknosis
What stage of necrosis is this?
Karyorrhexis
What stage of necrosis is this?
karyolysis
what type of necrosis is this? (what is distinctive?)
coagulative necrosis
tombstone appearance
what type of necrosis is this?
coagulative
what type of necrosis is this?
Where?
coagualtive necrosis in heart (myocardial infaction)
what type of necrosis is this?
what is distinctive?
coagulative necrosis
infarction (localized coagulative necrosis)
what type of necrosis is this?
coagulative necrosis of the kidney
what type of necrosis is this?
coagulative necrosis of the myocardium (MI)
what type of necrosis is this?
liquefactive necrosis (lung showing abscess )
what type of necrosis is this?
Liquefactive necrosis: Cerebral abscess
what type of necrosis is this?
Dry Gangrene: note “line of demarcation”
what type of necrosis is this?
Bowel ischemia: note darkened segments of bowel
(Wet gangrene)
what type of necrosis is this?
wet gangrene
what type of necrosis is this?
caseous necrosis
what type of necrosis is this?
caseous necrosis
what type of necrosis is this?
fat necrosis
Red arrow: necrosis of fat cells. Black arrow: inflammatory cells.
what type of necrosis is this?
fat necrosis: pancreas
what type of necrosis is this?
fibrinoid necrosis
what type of necrosis is this?
fibrinoid necrosis
what type of necrosis is this?
Fibrinoid Necrosis: Autoimmune disorder: Rheumatoid Arthritis
where is this?
What is to be noticed here
Liver: apototic cells. Note, cell shrinkage, pyknotic nuclei. These cells may appear larger, due to retraction artifact (paleness around these cells). Retraction artifact happens while tissue processing.
what are these?
what is accumulated?
xantomas
cholesterol (note cholesterol clefts, macrophages filled with cholesterol)
what is this an example of accumulation of?
where can they accumulate?
proteins (appear as eosinophilic droplets, vacuoles or aggregates in cytoplasm)
- in proximal renal tubules: seen in renal diseases
- immunoglobulin accumulation in plasma cell: Russell bodies
- defects in protein folding: amyloidosis
what is this?
russel bodies
what is this an change example of?
what is this type of change?
hyaline change
- Intracellular accumulation of: protein droplet, Russell body, alcoholic hyaline (Mallory body)
what type of accumulation is seen here? how do we know?
glycogen, cells look purple –> PAS stain
what is this photo an example of?
what type is found in the picture?
exogenous pigment change
anthracosis (carbon: air pollution)
what type of pigment change is this?
what pigment is this?
what is it made of?
why is it important?
endogenous
lipofuscin
composed of lipids and phospholipids complexed with protein
tells is there is damage through free radical injury and lipid peroxidation
what is this endogenous pigment?
difference between this and lipofuscin?
when is this seen locally?
when is this seen systemically?
what stain is used to see this?
hemosiderin
this is hemoglobin derived (seen in hemoglobinopathies)
local excess: hemorrhages in tissues (hematoma)
systemic excess: iron overload (hemosiderosis)
Prussian blue
what is this endogenous pigment?
how does it form?
what conditions do we see excess of it?
melanin
when the enzyme tyrosinase catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine in melanocytes
Addison’s disease, melanotic skin lesions
what is this endogenous pigment?
melanin
what is this an example of?
what condition causes this?
Dystrophic calcification: demaged heart valve in Rheumatic valvular disease
what is this picture an example of?
what is the name of the structures seen here?
when do we see these?
Dystrophic calcification
Psammoma bodies
seen in: meningioma, papillary carcinoma thyroid, papillary carcinoma ovary
