cell cycle/mitosis (2.1.6) Flashcards
cell cycle
ordered sequence of events that take place in a cell, resulting in division of nucleus and formation of 2 genetically identical daughter cells.
interphase
growth period of cell cycle between cell divisions, consists of stages G1, S and G2.
G0
a cellular state outside the usual replicative cell cycle, which cells enter when they have detected mutations.
G1
growth phase 1, where the cell grows.
S phase
synthesis, where DNA replication occurs.
G2
growth phase 2, a temporary rest before mitosis which the cell begins to prepare for with their newly replicated DNA.
mitosis
the nuclear division stage of the cell cycle.
cytokinesis
cell division/splitting, where two genetically identical daughter cells are produced.
checkpoints
the control mechanisms of the cell cycle, which ensure that the processes have been accurately completed without error.
chromosomes
structures of condensed and coiled DNA in the form of ‘chromatin’. Become visible under a light microscope when their cells are preparing to divide (prophase - completed cell division).
chromatin
uncondensed (uncoiled) DNA in a complex with histones.
histones
proteins that combine with DNA strands to form chromatin, provide structural support to a chromosome.
chromatids
two identical copies of DNA (chromosomes) held together by a centromere.
centromere
the point of attachment for chromatids when the chromosomes undertakes its X structure during mitosis.
prophase
1st stage of mitosis; chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.
metaphase
2nd stage of mitosis; chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in preparation for anaphase.
anaphase
3rd stage of mitosis; chromosomes separate into individual chromatids, and they are dragged to either end of the cell.
telophase
4th stage of mitosis; chromatids uncoil to form chromosomes once again, and nuclear envelope forms around them, creating new genetically identical nuclei at either end of the cell.
