biological molecules - lipids (2.1.2)

Question 1

lipids

Answer 1

nonpolar macromolecules containing elements carbon, hydrogen & oxygen; commonly known as fats/oils.

Question 2

macromolecules

Answer 2

large complex molecules with a larger molecular weight.

Question 3

glycerol

Answer 3

an alchohol found in triglycerides.

Question 4

fatty acid

Answer 4

a long chain of carboxylic acids used in the formation of triglycerides.

Question 5

carboyxyl group

Answer 5

a combination of hydroxyl (single bonded oxygen & hydrogen) and carbonyl (double bonded oxygens) groups joined to a single carbon atom.

Question 6

trigylceride

Answer 6

a lipid composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.

Question 7

monoglyceride

Answer 7

a lipid consisting of a glycerol molecule and a fatty acid molecule joined via an ester bond.

Question 8

ester bond

Answer 8

forms when a hydroxyl group from the glycerol molecule bonds with the carboxyl group of the fatty acid; the H from glycerol combines with OH from fatty acid to make water, and other elements form a trigylceride. occurs during a condensation reaction.

Question 9

esterification

Answer 9

the chemical reaction that taes place during the formation of an ester bond.

Question 10

unsaturated triglycerides

Answer 10

trigylcerides that consist of one (monounsaturated) or more (polyunsaturated) carbon-carbon double bonds.

Question 11

saturated triglycerides

Answer 11

triglycerides that contain entirely carbon-carbon single bonds.

Question 12

phospholipid

Answer 12

modified triglycerides, where one fatty acid has been replaced by one phosphate group.

Question 13

phosphate group

Answer 13

a group consisting of one phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.

Question 14

hydrophobic

Answer 14

the physical property of a molecule that is repelled from water.

Question 15

non polar

Answer 15

molecules that do not have any electrical/partial charges; often hold electronegativity (the tendency to attract electrons).

Question 16

hydrophilic

Answer 16

the physical property of a molecule that is attracted to water.

Question 17

polar

Answer 17

a molecule in which one end possesses positive charges, and the other possesses negative charges, creating an electrical pole.

Question 18

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 18

the arrangement of phospholipids found in plasma cell membranes; hydrophilic heads form both extra/intercellular surfaces of the membrane and sandwich the fatty acid tails to form a hydrophobic core.

Question 19

sterol

Answer 19

lipids that consist of a 4 ringed structure.

Question 20

cholesterol

Answer 20

a lipid present in plasma cell membranes, which is present in betweem the phospholipid tails and pushes them together, providing stability for the membrane.

Question 21

adipose cells

Answer 21

energy storing cells that have a large presence of fats.

Question 22

lipoprotein

Answer 22

a biochemical assembly whose function is to transport hydrophobic lipid molecules in aqueous solutions.