Cell cycle/mitosis Flashcards
What are chromosomes?
The nucleus contains DNA in the form of chromosomes, these are coiled up lengths of DNA.
The cells contains two copies of each chromosome, making them DIPLOID.
There are 23 pairs and 46 in total.
What is mitosis?
When two daughter cells are made from one parent cell. The daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell.
Why is mitosis a crucial function?
• Cells need to divide so your body can grow.
• It allows your body tissue to constantly renew itself.
• Helps your body to heal wounds.
What is meant by cell cycle?
This describes the sequence of cell growth and division.
What is the ‘GO’ phase?
This is the resting phase, when the cell is neither dividing or preparing to divide. The cells enters this phase after it is done dividing or duplicating.
What are the 6 distinct phases of the cell cycle of growth and division, ‘IPMATC’?
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
• Cytokinesis
What are the 4 stages of mitosis?
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
What happens if cell division is not controlled?
Cancer.
What is interphase?
Before the cell divides it must grow and duplicate its contents. So firstly, the cell duplicates its organelles, then its chromosomes, forming x shaped chromosomes.
What is prophase?
The replicated chromosomes condense, getting shorter and fatter. They’re now visible. The membrane of the nucleus breaks down, letting the chromosomes free in the cytoplasm. The centresome then duplicate, helping to facilitate cell division.
What is metaphase?
The chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell. Spindle fibres from the centresome attach to each side of the chromosomes.
What is anaphase?
The spindle fibres then pull the chromosomes apart and the chromatids are then pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
What is telophase?
The new nucleur membrane begins to form around the chromosomes at each end of the cell, becoming the nuclei of the two new cells.
What is cytokinesis?
The cleavage furrow then forms and the cell splits into two. Two genetically identical daughter cells are produced with diploid nuclei.
Explain the process of the cell cycle.
Before the cell divides it must grow and duplicate its contents. So firstly, the cell duplicates its organelles, then its chromosomes, forming x shaped chromosomes.
The replicated chromosomes condense, getting shorter and fatter. They’re now visible. The membrane of the nucleus breaks down, letting the chromosomes free in the cytoplasm. The centresome then duplicate, helping to facilitate cell division.
The chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell. Spindle fibres from the centresome attach to each side of the chromosomes.
The spindle fibres then pull the chromosomes apart and the chromatids are then pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
The new nucleur membrane begins to form around the chromosomes at each end of the cell, becoming the nuclei of the two new cells.
The cleavage furrow then forms and the cell splits into two. Two genetically identical daughter cells are produced with diploid nuclei.
