cell cycle and mitosis

Question 1

what are the stages involved in the cell cycle?

Answer 1

interphase (G1, S, G2) 
M phase (mitosis, cytokinesis)

Question 2

the general overview for how cells reproduce themselves is?

Answer 2

doubling everything in the cytoplasm
doubling the genome
splitting in half

Question 3

the cell spends majority of time in what phase?

Answer 3

interphase

Question 4

the S phase of interphase is when the cell actively replicates its?

Answer 4

genome

Question 5

mitosis is when the cell is?

Answer 5

splitting cellular components such as genes and organelles into two halves

Question 6

cytokinesis is when the cell?

Answer 6

physically splits into two daughter cells

Question 7

cytokinesis begins and ends when?

Answer 7

begins near the end of anaphase and is completed during telophase

Question 8

the more specialized a cell is, the least likely…

Answer 8

ability to replicate itself

ex: neurons, blood cells, cells on surface of skin

Question 9

in order to specialized cells to reproduce, they need?

Answer 9

stem cells, which are less specialized cells used to replenish

Question 10

what phase do some cells get permanently stuck in?

Answer 10

interphase

Question 11

during interphase the genome is spread out so that the DNA is

Answer 11

accessible to the enzymes of replication

Question 12

by the end of S phase, the nucleus contains

Answer 12

two complete copies of the genome, the cell has twice the normal amount of DNA

Question 13

what are the phase mitosis is divided into?

Answer 13

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 14

mnemonic for cell cycle and mitosis is

Answer 14

I Pee on the MAT

Question 15

what happens in prophase?

Answer 15

genome condenses into densely packed chromosome to avoid tangling
46 chromosomes appear
sister chromatids*
nucleus disappears
spindle and kinetochore fibers appear
centriole pairs begin to move to opposite ends of the cell so that the cell has two MTOCs (asters)
*prometaphase

Question 16

sister chromatids are what and appear in which phase?

Answer 16

prophase

they are identical copies of a chromosome, attached to each other at the centromere

Question 17

prometaphase is what and occurs when?

Answer 17

occurs at the end of prophase and beginning of metaphase

it is when the nuclear envelope of the cell converts itself into tiny vesicles

Question 18

what happens in metaphase?

Answer 18

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell forming the metaphase plate via spindle fibers that is attached to the kinetochore of each sister chromatid and to the MTOC at the opposite end of the cell

Question 19

what happens in anaphase?

Answer 19

the spindle fibers shorten thus pulling the centromeres of each sister chromatid pair apart
the cell elongates and cytokinesis begins to form the cleavage furrow

Question 20

the cleavage furrow is accomplished by?

Answer 20

a ring of microfilaments encircling the cell and contracting

Question 21

what happens in telophase?

Answer 21

nuclear membrane forms around the bunch of chromosomes at end each of the cell
the chromosomes decondense
nucleolus appears within each new daughter nucleus
cytokinesis is complete and cell is split into two

Question 22

karyotype is a display of? and how is it obtained?

Answer 22

organism’s genome
cell is frozen during metaphase and chromosomes are stained
homologous pairs are put together
genome is examined for abnormalities

Question 23

homologous chromosomes are

Answer 23

equivalent but nonidentical and do not come anywhere near each other during mitosis