Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT biology > anatomy and physiology of nervous system > Flashcards

anatomy and physiology of nervous system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sensory function and motor function is carried out by which nervous system?

A

peripheral nervous sytsem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

integrative function (processing) is carried out by which nervous system?

A

central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

motor neurons carry information from what to where?

A

from the nervous system toward organs that act upon that information, these are effectors (muscles and glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

efferent neurons carry information from what to where?

A

away from CNS and innervate effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

afferent neurons carry information from what to where?

A

toward the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

reflexes are what?

A

involuntary direct motor response to sensory input which occurs without conscious thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

monosynaptic reflex arc involves what?

A

only two neurons and one synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

reciprocal inhibition involves?

A

concurrent relaxation of hamstring and contraction of the quadriceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the CNS involves what?

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the PNS into what two divisions?

A

somatic and automatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the automatic system is divided into what two divisions?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the somatic system functions for?

A

voluntary control of skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the autonomic system functions for?

A

involuntary control of glands, smooth and cardiac muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the sympathetic system functions as?

A

fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the parasympathetic system functions as?

A

rest and digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the PNS involves what anatomical structures?

A

all other axons, dendrites, and cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ganglia are?

A

somas located outside the CNS that are found in bunches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the three subdivisions of the brain?

A

hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
midbrain (mesencephalon)
forebrain (prosencephalon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the hindbrain (rhombencephalon) includes?

A

medulla, pons, and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

medulla functions are?

A

regulates vitals such as blood pressure and digestive function

21
Q

pons functions are?

A

coordinates movement, plays a role in balance and antigravity posture

22
Q

cerebellum functions are?

A

complex movements such as hand eye coordination and balance

regulates vestibular apparatus in the inner ear which monitors acceleration and position relative to gravity

23
Q

the midbrain (mesencephalon) functions are?

A

relay visual and auditory information and contains much of the reticular activating system
as well as arousal and wakefulness

24
Q

the forebrain (prosencephalon) includes what structures?

A

diencephalon: thalamus and hypothalamus
telencephalon: left and right hemispheres

25
Q

the thalamus functions are?

A

relay and processes sensory information

26
Q

the hypothalamus functions are?

A

controlling emotion and autonomic functions

hormone production and release and is primary link between nervous and endocrine system

27
Q

the cerebral hemispheres are connected by a thick bundle of axons called?

A

corpus callosum

28
Q

the largest part of the brain is?

A

cerebrum

29
Q

the hemispheres consists of an outer layer of gray matter called?

A

cerebral cortex

30
Q

the four lobes of the cerebral cortex are?

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

31
Q

the frontal lobe functions to?

A

initiate all voluntary movements
complex reasoning skills
problem solving

32
Q

the parietal lobe functions to?

A 
general sensation (touch, temperature, pressure, vibration)
gustation (taste)
33
Q

the temporal lobe functions to?

A

auditory and olfactory sensation
STM
language comprehension
emotion

34
Q

the occipital lobe functions to?

A

visual sensation

35
Q

the basal nuclei is located where and function as?

A

composed of gray matter and located deep within the cerebral hemispheres
help with voluntary motor control
procedural learning related to habits

36
Q

the basal nuclei is located where and function as?

A

between the cerebrum and diencephalon
includes amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus
emotion and memory

37
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves and spinal nerves are there?

A

12 cranial

31 spinal

38
Q

the vagus nerve is an important cranial nerve that?

A

effect the heart and GI tract to decrease heart rate and increase GI activity

39
Q

all somatic motor neurons have what characteristics?

A

innervate skeletal muscle cells
use ACh
have their cell bodies in the brain stem or ventral portion of spinal cord

40
Q

all somatic sensory neurons have what characteristics?

A

long dendrite extending from a sensory receptor toward the soma (located outside of CNS in dorsal root ganglion)

41
Q

dorsal root ganglion are?

A

cell bodies located dorsally to spinal cord for each segment of the spinal cord

42
Q

preganglionic neuron of the autonomic PNS functions as?

A

cell body is in the brainstem or spinal cord

sends an axon to an autonomic ganglion which is outside the spinal column

43
Q

postganglionic neuron of the autonomic PNS functions as?

A

sends an axon to an effector

44
Q

all autonomic preganglionic and all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release what neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

45
Q

all sympathetic postganglionic neurons release what neurotransmitter?

A

norepinephrine

46
Q

in the sympathetic system (fight/flight):
location of preganglionic soma?
preganglionic axon neurotransmitter length?
ganglia?
postganlionic axons?

A

thoracolumbar
short ACh
close to cord, far from target
long NE

47
Q 
in the parasympathetic system:
location of preganglionic soma?
preganglionic axon neurotransmitter length?
ganglia?
postganlionic axons?
A

craniosacral
long ACh
far from cord, close to target
short ACh

48
Q

the adrenal gland are located above the kidneys and is important for secreting?

A

glucocorticoids (cortisol)
mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
some sex hormones

49
Q

sympathetic system stimulates adrenal gland to release?

A

epinephrine aka adrenaline

MCAT biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions