Cell birth and death II

Question 1

cells make decision to continue through cell cycle or to exit cycle and enter quiescent state

Answer 1

R- point

Question 2

key substrates for Cyclin B-cdk1

Answer 2

lamins and histones

Question 3

cyclin D binds to

Answer 3

Cdk4 and Cdk6

Question 4

promiscuous

Answer 4

cyclin D

Question 5

Cyclin B binds to

Answer 5

Cdk1

Question 6

Cyclin E binds to

Answer 6

Cdk2

Question 7

cyclin for phase G1

Answer 7

Cyclin D

Question 8

cyclin for phase G1/S

Answer 8

Cyclin 2

Question 9

Cyclins D and E drive cell through the R-point by

Answer 9

inactivating Rb protein via phosphorylation

Question 10

mutations on average in the human body

Answer 10

10 to the ninth

Question 11

example of stimulatory abnormality

Answer 11

cell divides in the absence of stimulation by external growth factors

Question 12

example of inhibitory abnormality

Answer 12

cell divides when it should not, because inhibitory signal fails to reach nucleus

Question 13

why have apoptosis?

Answer 13

Homeostasis

Question 14

individual cancer cells can have different differential rates however, all have on thing in common. Apoptosis has to be what in all cells?

Answer 14

rate of growing has to be greater than the apoptosis rate

Question 15

necrosis leads to

Answer 15

inflammation

Question 16

apoptosis leads to

Answer 16

phagocytosis

Question 17

cells lyse, organelles destroyed

Answer 17

inflammmation

Question 18

membrane blebs, cell contents retained

Answer 18

phagocytosis

Question 19

triggered by sustained ischemia, physical or chemical trauma

Answer 19

necrosis

Question 20

triggered by specific signals that activate specific genes

Answer 20

apoptosis

Question 21

cells swell, organelles damaged, chromatin randomly degraded

Answer 21

necrosis

Question 22

cells shrink, organelles intact, chromatin degraded systematically

Answer 22

apoptosis

Question 23

cells shrink, organelles intact, chromatin degraded systematically

Answer 23

apoptosis