Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OPT 112 > Cell Biology (M1) > Flashcards

Cell Biology (M1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is cell biology (cytology)

A

Study of cellular structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is cell physiology

A

study of cellular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell destiny

A

remain alive and functioning, grow and divide, or die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does homeostasis need to maintain a balance between

A

cell multiplication and cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is necrosis

A

cell death caused by injury or infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

properties of nonmembranous organelles

A

lack membranes and in direct contact with the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the biggest nonmembranous organelle

A

ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

properties of membranous organelles

A

surrounded by one/two lipid bilayer membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

difference between scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

A

SEM: 3D view and can see external structures
TEM: internal structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What units do we use for cell measurement

A

millimeters, microns, and millimeters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Maximum resolution of a light microscope?

A

0.2 microns; can’t see anything smaller than a lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the largest organelle within a cell and its size

A

nucleus; 5 - 7 microns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a nucleus surrounded by

A

nuclear envelope that is composed of 2 membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the nuclear envelope contain

A

nuclear pores (transmembrane proteins) that messenger molecules use to pass between the nucleus and cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

are there membrane-bound organelles in the nucleus

A

no, only chromatin (coiled strands of DNA that condense to form chromosomes at the time of cell division)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the function of the nucleus

A

stores and transmits genetic information in the form of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the structural characteristics of a nucleolus and what does it consist of

A

densely stained filamentous structure within the nucleus.
consists of proteins associated with DNA where info about ribosomal proteins is being expressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the function of the nucleolus

A

site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis.
assembles RNA and protein components of ribosomal subunits, which move to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are ribosomes

A

packages of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what type of substances pass through nuclear pores easily

A

very small substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the function of free ribosomes throughout cytosol

A

synthesize proteins found inside the cell from mature mRNA

20
Q

how many nuclear pores does a typical nucleus have

A

800 - 1000 pores

20
Q

what is the structure of the er

A

network of membranes forming flattened sacs or tubules called cisterns

21
Q

what is the attachment and function of membrane-bound ribosomes

A

attached to rough ER or nuclear membrane.
synthesize proteins needed for plasma membrane or export

21
Q

how many membrane-bound ribosomes form a polyribosome

A

10 - 20

22
Q

what is the function of ribosomes within the mitochondria

A

synthesize mitochondrial proteins

22
Q

are charged amino acids hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

very hydrophilic

22
Q

what amino acids can cross a membrane very easily

A

small, uncharged nonpolar.
ex. steroid hormones

22
Q

what are the types of protein structure

A

primary
- amino acid sequence
secondary (spiral)
- alpha helix
- beta sheet
tertiary
- bending back and globular 3D
quaternary
- multiple proteins connect by disulfide bridges and H+ bonds

22
Q

difference between polar and nonpolar amino acids

A

polar amino acids easily interact with other polar molecules in a hydrophilic environment and nonpolar amino acids easily interact with other nonpolar molecules in a hydrophobic environment

23
Q

what are the properties and functions of rough er

A

continuous with nuclear envelope and covered w attached ribosomes.
synthesizes, processes & packages proteins for export.
free ribosomes synthesize proteins for local use.

24
Q

what are the properties and functions of smooth er

A

no attached ribosomes.
synthesizes phospholipids, steroids, fats, and carbs.
detoxifies harmful substances in cytosol, ex. alcohol

25
Q

what is the structure of the golgi apparatus

A

series of cup-shaped, closely apposed, flattened, membranous sacs.
located in central portion near nucleus

26
Q

what are the functions of golgi apparatus

A

concentrates, modifies, and sorts proteins arriving from rough er prior to distribution via golgi vesicles to other organelles or outside cell

27
Q

process of protein packaging in golgi complex

A
  1. proteins pass from rough er to cis surface of golgi complex in transport vesicles
  2. fuse with entry cistern
  3. pass from entry cistern to medial cistern for processing
  4. transfer vesicles transport to exit cistern
  5. finished proteins exit golgi as secretory, membrane, or storage vesicle
28
Q

where are lysosomes found

A

formed in golgi complex and filled with digestive enzymes

29
Q

what pH do lysosomes pump in H+ ions until

A

5.0

30
Q

what are the functions of lysosomes

A

digest foreign substances, ex. bacteria.
digest and recycle components of cell’s organelles (autophagy) or in cases of cell destruction (autolysis)

31
Q

how are peroxisomes formed and what do they contain

A

formed by division of preexisting peroxisomes and contain enzymes that oxidize organic material

32
Q

what are the functions of peroxisomes

A

normal metabolic breakdown of amino acids and fatty acids.
oxidize toxic substances like alcohol and formaldehyde
contains catalase - decompose H2O2

33
Q

what chemical reaction occurs in the cytosol

A

production of ATP

34
Q

what are the functions of cytoskeleton

A

provides cell support and shape.
organization of chemical reactions.
cell and organelle movement.

35
Q

what are the 3 cytoskeletal filaments

A

microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

36
Q

microfilaments

A

thinnest filaments (actin)
locomotion and division
support microvilli

37
Q

intermediate filaments

A

several different proteins
anchor organelles

37
Q
A
37
Q

microtubules

A

large cylindrical structures composed of tubulin.
flagella, cilia, and centrosomes

37
Q

what is the pericentriolar area

A

formation site for rapid assembly of mitotic spindle and microtubules organizing center

38
Q

arrangement of centrosomes

A

2 centrioles 90 degrees to each other.
9 clusters of 3 microtubules (9+0 array).
vital role in formation of cilia and flagella “basal bodies”

38
Q

movement of cilia

A

stiff during power stroke but flexible during recovery.
many coordinated together.
locations: airways and uterine tube

38
Q

movement of flagella

A

single flagella wiggles in a wavelike pattern.
propels sperm forward

38
Q
A

OPT 112 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions