Cell biology (Discovery of cells) Flashcards

1
Q

Discovery of cells

A

Followed from the work of Robert Hooke (1635-1703) done with an early model of the microscope

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2
Q

Robert Hooke

A

An english scientist an philosopher who contributed to the improvement of the microscope and explored the structure of snowflakes, fleas, lice, and plants

He coined the term “cell” from the latin word cella which means small room

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3
Q

Cell Theory

A
  1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. The cell is the basic unit of life
    (Schleiden and Schwann in 1839)
  3. All cells only arise from pre-existing cells
    (Rudolf Virchow 1855)
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4
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Were the only form of life on earth for millions of years until more complicated eukaryotic cells came into being through the process of evolution

Lack a defined nucleus

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5
Q

Features of prokaryotic cells

A
  • Single cell organism
  • Size 1-10 um
  • No nucleus or organelles
  • Ribosomes are present but small
  • Reproduce asexually
  • Genetic material found in nucleoid (like a nucleus) but not actually a true chromosome (DNA arranged in a circular fashion) plasmid
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6
Q

Examples of prokaryotic cells

A
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
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7
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Organisms that have eukaryotic cells typically include protozoa (single celled eukaryotes), fungi, plants, and animals

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8
Q

Features of eukaryotic cells

A
  • Size: typically 10-100 μm
  • Nucleus and organelles
  • Ribosomes are large
  • Genetic material found in nuclear compartment and arranged as chromosomes
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