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Biology > Cell biology > Flashcards

Cell biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Independent variable
Dependent variable
Control variable

A

What you change
What you measure
What you keep the same

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2
Q

Parts of a microscope

A

Eye Piece
Arm
Objective lens
Stage
Stage clips
Focusing clips
Base

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3
Q

Potato put into a sugar solution compared to pure water and what happens to mass

A

In the sugar solution the water in the potato will move out of the potato due to osmosis mass decreases. In a pure water solution water goes into the potato due to osmosis mass increases.

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4
Q

Culturing microorganisms in the lab

A

Use agar jelly which has nutrients in to grow bacteria. Use inoculating loop to place bacteria on agar jelly. Bacteria grows in colonies on agar jelly. Kept at 25 degrees to stop growth of harmful bacteria

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5
Q

Investigating the effect of antibiotics on bacterial growth

A

Place paper disks that have been soaked with different antibiotics in an agar plate that has bacteria on it. Antibiotics diffuse into agar. The most effective antibiotics will have the largest inhibition zone. Use a control disk that has sterile water on it. Leave in incubator for 48 hours at 25 degrees

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6
Q

Sperm cell adaptation and function

A

Lots of mitochondria for energy to move and streamlined
To get the DNA to the egg cell (female DNA)

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7
Q

Nerve cell adaptation and function

A

Long to cover more distance has lots of branches to connect in a network
To send electrical impulses around the body

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8
Q

Muscle cell adaptation and function

A

Long and contain lots of mitochondria for energy
To contract quickly for movement

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9
Q

Root hair adaptation and function

A

Large surface area to absorb water
To absorb water and minerals from the soil

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10
Q

Phloem adaptation and function

A

Pores allow cell sap to flow around the plant. Cells are long and join end to end
Transports sugars, sap and substances around the plant

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11
Q

Xylem adaptation and function

A

Hollow in the center tubes are joined end to end
Transports water through the plant

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12
Q

Image size equation (microscopes)

A

Image size= Magnification x real size

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13
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Cells that do not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

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14
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

Cells that have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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15
Q

Plant cell organelles

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Permanent Vacuole
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts

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16
Q

Animal cell organelles

A

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm

17
Q

Bacterial cell organelles

A

Cell wall
Free-floating DNA
Plasmid- circular piece of DNA
Flagellum- tail

18
Q

How many pairs chromosomes does an average human have

A

23

19
Q

Chromosomes are

A

A double helix of DNA contain a lot of genes

20
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A

Undifferentiated cells from embryos that can turn into any type of cell

21
Q

Where are adult stem cells found and their property

A

Found in bone marrow can turn into certain types of cell e.g blood cell

22
Q

Reasons FOR stem cell research

A

Curing patients is more important than the rights of embryos
They are unwanted embryos from fertility clinics that would be otherwise destroyed

23
Q

Stem cell uses

A

Replacing faulty blood cells
Making insulin producing cells
Making nerve cells

24
Q

Stem cells in plants are found

A

Meristem

25
Q

What can you do with stem cells from a plant

A

Produce clones of the plant, grow plants with specific features for a farmer e.g. disease resistant

26
Q

Gas exchange in lungs adaptation

A

Alveoli have a large surface are and have a constant good blood supply to maintain a concentration gradient

27
Q

How are villi adapted for absorbtion

A

Millions of villi and microvilli on top of them line the small intestine for increased surface area
One cell thick outside
Constant blood supply

28
Q

How are leaves adapted for diffusion

A

The surface of the leaf is flattened to increase the surface are of the leaf
Oxygen and water vapor diffuses out of the stomata
Guard cells open and close the stomata controlling water loss

29
Q

Diffusion is?

A

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a concentration gradient

29
Q

What is the word to describe how the cell membrane allows small particles through

A

Semi-permeable

30
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water particles across a partially permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

31
Q

How breathing works for fish

A

Water enters the fish through the mouth, oxygen is transported to the blood through diffusion, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the water.

32
Q

How are gills adapted

A

Gill filaments increase the surface area of the gills
Lamellae also increase surface area
Thin surface area
Capillaries

Biology (7 decks)

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