CC Progress Exam 2 Flashcards
Chain-of-custody procedures must be followed for:
A. Blood specimens for alcohol level determination
B. Routine urinalysis for glucose and ketones
C. Therapeutic drug threshold determinations
D. Throat swabs of group A beta streptococcus screening
A. Blood specimens for alcohol level determination
Calibration is defined as:
A. How close results are to one another
B. How close a test result is to the true value
C. Specimen that is similar to patient’s blood; known concentration of constituent
D. Comparison of an instrument measure or reading to a known physical constant
D. Comparison of an instrument measure or reading to a known physical constant
Standards are defined as:
A. How close a test result is to the true value
B. Specimens that are similar to patient’s blood; known concentration of constituent
C. Comparison of an instrument measure or reading to a known physical constant
D. Highly purified substances of known composition
D. Highly purified substances of known composition
A control is defined as:
A. How close a test result is to the true value
B. Specimen that is similar to patient’s blood; known concentration of constituent
C. Comparison of an instrument measure or reading to a known physical constant
D. Measurement of a highly purified substance of known composition
B. Specimen that is similar to patient’s blood; known concentration of constituent
The preparation of a patient for standard glucose tolerance testing should include:
A. A high carbohydrate diet for 3 days
B. A low carbohydrate diet for 3 days
C. Fasting for 48 hours prior to testing
D. Bed rest for 3 days
A. A high carbohydrate diet for 3 days
A 25-year-old man became nauseated and vomited 90 minutes after receiving a standard 75 carbohydrate dose for an oral glucose tolerance test. The best course of action is to:
A. Give the patient a glass of orange juice and continue the test
B. Start the test over immediately with a 50 g carbohydrate dose
C. Draw blood for glucose and discontinue test
D. Place the patient in a recumbent position, reassure him and continue the test
C. Draw blood for glucose and discontinue test
The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called:
A. Glycogenesis
B. Glycogenolysis
C. Gluconeogenesis
D. Glycolysis
D. Glycolysis
Which of the following values obtained during a glucose tolerance test is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?
A. 2-hour specimen = 150 mg/dl (8.3 mmol/L)
B. Fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dl (6.9 mmol/L)
C. Fasting plasma glucose = 110 mg/dl (6.1 mmol/L)
D. 2-hour specimen = 180 mg/dl (9.9 mmol/L)
B. Fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dl (6.9 mmol/L)
A patient with hemolytic anemia will:
A. Show a decrease in glycated Hb value
B. Show an increase in glycated Hb value
C. Show little or no change in glycated Hb value d demonstrate an elevated HbA1
D. Demonstrate an elevated HbA1
A. Show a decrease in glycated Hb value
An increase in serum acetone is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Fat
C. Urea nitrogen
D. Uric acid
A. Carbohydrates
One international unit of enzyme activity is the amount of enzyme that will, under specified reaction conditions of substrate concentration, pH and temperature, cause utilization of substrate at the rate of:
A. 1 mol/min
B. 1mmol/min
C. 1 μmol/min
D. 1 nmol/min
C. 1 μmol/min
In spectrophotometric determination, which of the following is the formula for calculating the absorbance of a solution?
A. (absorptivity x light path)/concentration
B. (absorptivity x concentration)/light path
C. absorptivity x light path x concentration
D. (light path x concentration)/absorptivity
C. absorptivity x light path x concentration
High levels of which lipoprotein class are associated with decreased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis?
A. Chylomicrons
B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. HDL
D. HDL
The chemical composition of HDL corresponds to:
A. Trigyceride 60%, cholesterol 15%, protein 10%
B. Trigyceride 10%, cholesterol 45%, protein 25%
C. Triglyceride 5%, cholesterol 15%, protein 50%
D.Trigyceride 85%, cholesterol 5%, protein 2%
C. Triglyceride 5%, cholesterol 15%, protein 50%
A 9-month-old boy from Israel has gradually lost the ability to sit up, and develops seizures. He has an increased amount of a phospholipid called ganglioside in his neurons, and he lacks the enzyme hexosaminidase A in his leukocytes. These findings suggest:
A. Neimann-Pick disease
B. Tay-Sachs disease
C. Phenylketonuria
D. Hurler syndrom
B. Tay-Sachs disease
On electrophoresis at alkaline pH, which of the following is the slowest migrating hemoglobin?
A. Hb A
B. Hb S
C. Hb C
D. Hb G
C. Hb C
In which of the following conditions does decreased activity of glucuronyl transferase result in increased unconjugated bilirubin and kernicterus in neonates?
A. Gilbert disease
B. Rotor syndrome
C. Dubin-Johnson syndrome
D. Crigler-Najjar syndrome
D. Crigler-Najjar syndrome
What substance gives feces its normal color?
A. Uroerythrin
B. Urochrome
C. Urobilin
D. Urobilinogen
C. Urobilin
Which of the following enzymes of heme biosynthesis is inhibited by lead?
A. Delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase
B. Porphobilinogen synthase
C. Uroporphyrinogen synthase
D. Bilirubin synthetase
A. Delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase
Lead inhibits 3 enzymes in the heme biosynthesis pathway: delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), coproporphyrinogen oxidase, and ferrochelatase.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are both elevated in which of the following diseases?
A. Muscular dystrophy
B. Viral hepatitis
C. Pulmonary emboli
D. Infectious mononucleosis
B. Viral hepatitis
Which of the following clinical disorders is associated with the greatest elevation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1?
A. Pneumonia
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Pancreatitis
D. Pernicious anemia
D. Pernicious anemia
In which of the following conditions would a normal level of creatine kinase be found?
A. Acute myocardial infarct
B. Hepatitis
C. Progressive muscular dystrophy
D. Intramuscular injection
B. Hepatitis
A 10-year-old child is admitted to pediatrics with an initial diagnosis of *1/1 skeletal muscle disease. The best confirmatory tests would be:
A. Creatine kinase and isocitrate dehydrogenase
B. Gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase
C. Aldolase and creatine kinase
D. Lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase
C. Aldolase and creatine kinase
The most heat labile fraction of alkaline phosphatase is obtained from:
A. Liver
B. Bone
C. Intestine
D. Placenta
B. Bone
PILB - heat stability
LBPI - electrophoresis
Cholinesterase levels are generally assayed to aid in diagnosis of:
A. Pancreatitis
B. Methamphetamine overdose
C. Organophosphate poisoning
D. Hepatobiliary disease
C. Organophosphate poisoning
lsoenzyme assays are performed to improve:
A. Precision
B. Accuracy
C. Sensitivity
D. Specificity
D. Specificity
The main function of serum albumin in the peripheral blood is to:
A. Maintain colloidal osmotic pressure
B. Increase antibody production
C. Increase fibrinogen formation
D. Maintain blood viscosity
A. Maintain colloidal osmotic pressure
The first step in analyzing a 24-hour urine specimen for quantitative urine protein is:
A. Subculture the urine for bacteria
B. Add the appropriate preservative
C. Screen for albumin using a dipstick
D. Measure the total volume
D. Measure the total volume
The volume of a timed urine is measured and reported as the mass of protein excreted during the 24-hour period.
A characteristic of the Bence Jones protein that is used to distinguish it from other urinary proteins is its solubility:
A. In ammonium sulfate
B. In sulfuric acid
C. At 40-60°C
D. At 100°C
D. At 100°C
The identification of Bence Jones protein is best accomplished by:
A. Sulfosalicylic acid test
B. Urine reagent strips
C. Immunofixation electrophoresis
D. Immunoelectrophoresis
C. Immunofixation electrophoresis
A critically ill patient becomes comatose. The physician believes the coma is due to hepatic failure. The assay most helpful in this diagnosis is:
A. Ammonia
B. ALT
C. AST
D. GGT
A. Ammonia
Creatinine clearance is used to estimate the:
A. Tubular secretion of creatinine
B. Glomerular secretion of creatinine
C. Renal glomerular and tubular mass
D. Glomerular filtration rate
D. Glomerular filtration rate
Which of the following represents the end product of purine metabolism
in humans?
A. AMP and GMP
B. DNA and RNA
C. Allantoin
D. Uric acid
D. Uric acid
The presence of C-reactive protein in the blood is an indication of:
A. A recent streptococcal infection
B. Recovery from a pneumococcal infection
C. An inflammatory process
D. A state of hypersensitivity
C. An inflammatory process
Clinical assays for tumor markers are most important for:
A. Screening for the presence of cancer
B. Monitoring the course of a known cancer
C. Confirming the absence of disease
D. Identifying patients at risk for cancer
B. Monitoring the course of a known cancer
Detection of which of the following substances is most useful to monitor the course of a patient with testicular cancer?
A. Alpha-fetoprotein
B. Carcinoembryonic antigen
C. Prolactin
D. Testosterone
A. Alpha-fetoprotein
In monitoring glomerular function, which of the following tests has the highest sensitivity?
A. Urine sodium
B. BUN/creatinine ratio
C. Creatinine clearance
D. Urea clearance
C. Creatinine clearance
A double albumin band seen on serum protein electrophoresis indicates:
A. Severe liver disease
B. Bisalbuminemia
C. Acute inflammation
D. Hemolytic anemia
B. Bisalbuminemia
Which term describes a congenital disorder that is characterized by a split in the albumin band when serum is subjected to electrophoresis?
A. Analbuminemia
B. Anodic albuminemia
C. Prealbuminemia
D. Bisalbuminemia
D. Bisalbuminemia
Which of the following serum proteins migrate with the beta-globulins on cellulose acetate at pH 8.6?
A. Ceruloplasmin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Haptoglobin
D. C3 component of complement
D. C3 component of complement